Impacts of a Borderless Society

| A Borderless Society| Impacts of a borderless society| | Courtney BrownSC300 †Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to MutationKaplan University| 3/12/2013| | When it comes to time to plunk down and eat a feast, there several distinct things that I consider when I attempt to choose what to eat. The primary thing is how eager am I? The subsequent thing is what sort of food do I need; chicken, steak, a sandwich? The exact opposite thing I consider is to what extent it will take me for me to prepare the dinner. Be that as it may, the thing I never consider is the place does the food I’m eating come from?I’m going to break down one dinner that I have eaten today, a cheeseburger and potato plate of mixed greens. At the point when my family makes potato serving of mixed greens, it regularly comprises of potatoes, onions, and bacon. Potatoes are the main vegetable harvest in the United States, contributing about 15% of ranch deals (Jerardo, 2012). Over half of potato deals toll to processor for French fries, chips and other potato items (Jerardo, 2012). Western states, for example, Idaho, Washington, and Colorado produce 66% of fall potatoes with Idaho and Washington representing over portion of the United States all out (Jerardo, 2012).Potatoes are typically gathered inside two classes, new and preparing. Handling potatoes at that point get separated into, solidified (French fries), chips, dried out or canned (Jerardo, 2012). We generally utilize the new potatoes when making the plate of mixed greens. US ranchers plant around 125,000 sections of land of onions every year and produce around 6. 2 billion pounds every year (National Onion Association, 2011). The main 3 delivering conditions of onions are Washington (22,828 sections of land), Idaho-Eastern Oregon (21,000 sections of land) and California (17,850 sections of land) (National Onion Association, 2011).Approximately 170 nations develop onions for their own local use, anyway many are engaged w ith universal exchange (National Onion Association, 2011). The top driving nations for onion creation are China, India, United States, Turkey and Pakistan; they mean 8% of worldwide onion creation (National Onion Association, 2011). In the wake of investigating, I accept that the best way to get onions is having them new in the produce area of your market. Bacon is in all probability my most dearest part of the potato plate of mixed greens. Who doesn’t love bacon, right?The two principle strategies for relieving bacon are siphoning and dry restoring. Siphoned bacon has restoring fixings that are infused straightforwardly into the meat to accelerate the relieving procedure and include mass (US Department of Agriculture, 2011). Dry restored bacon has a premeasured measure of fix blend applied or scoured on the bacon surface. This relieving stage takes as long as about fourteen days to finish (US Department of Agriculture, 2011). They likewise produce natural and normal bacon (U S Department of Agriculture, 2011). Iowa, conveying 29% of the United States piece of the pie (Perman, 2012).The burger can be made such huge numbers of various ways from the fixings that go on it to what it is made out of. The meat of the burger can be made out of ground hamburger, toss, and sirloin, etc. We buy our hamburger from Wal-Mart stores yet can't discover on where they hold their meat from. The greatest advantage of having this kind of food market would need to be rivalry. In today’s world regardless of what you do; you generally appear to be in rivalry with someone. On the off chance that an individual is in secondary school they are contending to get the best grades, on the off chance that you are at your specific employment you might be going after a promotion.In the food advertise today, everyone is continually searching at the best cost and with such a significant number of various sources to get your provisions; each organization will be hoping to get your bu siness. Consequently if individuals utilize their item for a tap measure of cash and they are fulfilled, they are going to educate somebody regarding it then they will conceivably increase another client. One of this detriments of having a market like this is on the grounds that there are such huge numbers of various hotspots for individuals to utilize, organizations can overlook the consumer.Some organizations possibly believe that since they are selling their items for less cash, that they can compromise and not utilize the best supplies to make their items. This may entice the buyer to go to another organization and pay somewhat more yet they will have a superior item coming out of it. We are getting into a period where individuals are beginning to focus more to the amount they are spending, what they are escaping going through that cash and if it’s even worth paying for it.People wherever are beginning to either develop their own food or are beginning to search for privat ely developed food so they know nothing is going to hurt them; which the expression â€Å"Think Globally, Act Locally† becomes possibly the most important factor. This expression is essentially attempting to pass on that we have to begin pondering what we put into this world and how we deal with it. Despite the fact that exchanging and selling products with different nations is something worth being thankful for, remaining nearby will eliminate contamination noticeable all around. Nowadays it is getting extreme with the costs of everything rising so staying locally will likewise profit the ranchers in the area.Before this task I never truly thought of the effect that my decisions of where I purchased my food can make. Regardless of whether only one increasingly an individual daily decided to purchase something locally, I accept that they can have a gigantic effect comprehensively. I live in a humble community that doesn’t have numerous markets that sell privately devel oped food. We do anyway have a farmer’s advertise that comes to town for around two months among September and November; so when that opportunity arrives everybody takes advantage.Unfortunately some other season, we need to turn to going to Wal-Mart or target. I do accept that privately developed food is the best approach; there are such a significant number of advantages of it like being more advantageous for you and more beneficial for nature and you realize that the nearby ranchers didn't utilize any synthetic compounds. I believe that in the event that one individual ordinary chose to purchase locally than we can make the earth more advantageous. References Jerardo, A. (2012). Vegetables and heartbeats: Potatoes. Recovered from http://www. ers. usda. ov/subjects/crops/vegetables-beats/potatoes. aspx National Onion Association. (2011). About onions. Recovered from http://www. onions usa. organization/about onions/where-how-onions-are-developed US Department of Agriculture. (2011). Bacon and sanitation. Recovered from http://www. fsis. usda. gov/factsheets/Bacon_and_Food_Safety/record. asp Perman, C. (2012). Bacon the travel industry: From the Davos of bacon to bacon mecca. Recovered from http://www. cnbc. com/id/47537540/Bacon_Tourism_From_the_Davos_of_Bacon_to_Bacon_Mecca

Projects and Project Management Benefits or Loss

Question: Talk about the Report for Projects and Project Management and the Benefits or Loss. Answer: Presentation The report talks about the importance and idea of the term Project. It likewise outlines the significance of Project Management alongside the stages and methodologies that are associated with the equivalent. A genuine errand has been and related with the procedures that go under Project Management. The advantages and difficulties of the Project Management for the associations have additionally been talked about in the report. Task A task is characterized as a movement or a one-time exertion that is mind boggling and non-routine in nature and is limited by plan, financial plan, assets and execution determinations. It is constantly intended to meet a lot of targets that characterize the client needs. Venture Life Cycle The existence pattern of the venture is made out of four stages. Characterizing This is the main stage in the undertaking life cycle and incorporates the errand of characterizing the objectives, details, exercises to be done and the duties. Arranging After the definitions are finished, arranging of different components vital during the task, for example, spending plan, plan, assets, staffing and chances is done. Executing This is the third stage in the undertaking life cycle which incorporates the handy utilization of the errands and gives the result in type of status reports, changes, quality checks and gauges. Shutting The last stage in the task life cycle incorporates the conduction of instructional meetings alongside planning of move and discharge archives. A record of the exercises picked up during the undertaking time span is additionally made. Undertaking Management Undertaking Management and its strategies have been significantly placed in to rehearse by the associations in the current period. A portion of the variables that have prompted the equivalent are corporate scaling back, expanded client consideration, information blast and minimization of the item life cycle. Venture Governance and Integrated Management of Projects Venture Management contains a great deal numerous exercises and the incorporated administration of the tasks incorporates the accompanying three columns. Key Alignment It is amazingly fundamental for the venture to be in a steady arrangement with the technique behind the equivalent. Any adjustments in the technique will undoubtedly legitimately influence the undertaking progress. The methodology for the task should center upon the prompt client and arrangement of the issues related with the equivalent. Likewise, venture administrators must guarantee that the key administration of the undertaking covers the accompanying: Undertaking is connected with the technique Appropriate portion of assets and reacting to the adjustments in the technique in a convenient way Missions, objectives, goals, execution, usage and technique ought to be firmly connected with one another The four exercises that must be finished by this procedure are demonstrated as follows. Exercises of Strategic Alignment and Management Likewise, the targets related with an undertaking and an association must be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic and Time related) in nature. Venture Portfolio Management This component of the coordinated undertaking the executives helps in connecting the usage hole among top and center level supervisors and furthermore helps in compromise alongside managing the association governmental issues. It additionally helps in the exact asset allotment, chance evaluation and improved correspondence. The plan of the portfolio venture the executives incorporates the accompanying exercises. Arrangement of the undertakings is likewise controlled by type, for example, vital activities, consistence ventures and operational tasks. Venture Selection Models and Screening Portfolio Management System incorporates the determination models and multi-weighted scoring models for the choice procedure. Determination models incorporate monetary models, for example, restitution model and Net Present Value strategy. It additionally covers non-budgetary models which depend on the undertaking procedure. Multi-measures choice incorporates agenda made on a few parameters and question and the multi weighted scoring model. By and large Project Management The coordinated task the executives incorporates the third action which cares for all the sub-exercises during the undertaking lifecycle. Difficulties of Project Management The off base determination and decision of the Project Manager may unfavorably influence the administration and venture progress. Nonattendance of right assets may prompt presence of extraordinary issues and furthermore improved probability of the dangers. Advantages of Project Management It smoothes out all the exercises that occur during the undertaking life cycle. The dangers that may happen during the venture can be taken care of in a superior manner and furthermore on the off chance that such an occasion happens, at that point the undertaking the board proposes a few strategies to manage the equivalent. The approval between the undertaking progress and the prerequisites is made on an opportune premise. The undertaking adheres to the timetable just as to the financial plan and any deviation is accounted for opportune to manage the equivalent. Genuine Example Project Management The undertaking of recording the highlights in a class is normal and experienced by all the understudies. The act of Project Management will smooth out the basic assignment so as to have the better outcomes set up. The undertaking will have the target of scoring passing marks in the assessment by recording great in the research project. It will incorporate various sub-exercises according to the undertaking the executives rules. The undertaking procedure is keep up a normal duplicate of the class notes. The main stage will incorporate characterizing of the objectives and destinations which is as expressed before. The understudy and the educator will be the prime assets alongside individual understudies. Arranging stage will incorporate the timetable of the classes and the job of the educator in clarifying the subject and that of the understudy to handle and take notes. Execution stage will incorporate recording of the highlights by the understudy in a note pad with or without the help of the kindred understudies. The equivalent can be checked on by the educator too. The last stage that is shutting will draw out the elegantly composed and effectively depicted notes for each class went to by the u nderstudy and will likewise cover the exercises picked up during the equivalent.

Fall 2016 New Student Series Part 5 Mohamed Zeeshan Razeek COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2016 New Student Series Part 5 Mohamed Zeeshan Razeek COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In our fifth edition of the e-introductions, meet Mohamed.  He studied mechanical engineering at VIT University, but has transitioned to writing about Indian foreign policy and international affairs for publications like  The Diplomat  and The Huffington Post. He hopes to gain some practical experience with the United Nations and return  to India to become a policymaker. In his free time he likes to watch cricket matches and read crime  novels (but not necessarily at the same time). Full Name: Mohamed Zeeshan Razeek Age: 22 Degree Program: Master of International Affairs Concentration: Economic and Political Development Anticipated Graduation Year: Spring 2018 Hometown: Bangalore, Karnataka,  India Undergraduate University: VIT University Undergraduate Major: Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2015 What’s your professional background? I switched out of engineering professionally and became a foreign affairs columnist. Ive been writing on Indian foreign policy, government and international affairs in general for almost the last three years, for magazines such as The Diplomat and websites such as The Huffington Post. I think such a profile is rather strange, considering that I graduated from engineering school only last year. My professional career, while still nascent, therefore began even before I had graduated out of undergrad. Ive been fortunate that my writing caught the attention of some leading editors very early, which gave me the sort of journalistic opportunities I got some of which have thoroughly shocked me. A couple of years ago, CNN wrote to me asking if I would be able to take up an opportunity to work with the legendary Fareed Zakaria! Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? To change careers. Ive always had innate interest in international affairs, but its difficult to gain the right kind of exposure and education in this field in India. I believe that coming to Columbia and New York will set me up for a fruitful career in international affairs, and hopefully in Indian foreign policy! My real endeavor, in the long run, is to help shape Indias foreign policy for the construction of a better world. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? Absolutely thrilled! Ive heard that its doubly difficult to gain entry into SIPA a year out of undergraduate study (its difficult to gain entry into SIPA, period). To be part of the Columbia family and study at an Ivy League school is a dream come true. Columbia has a history of nurturing some great Indian leaders Babasaheb Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Indian constitution, is a standout example and has contributed similarly to the story of many a nation in different parts of the world. Im privileged to be part of such a celebrated legacy. Why did you say yes to SIPA? (Does anybody say no to Columbia and SIPA?) SIPA is the foremost school in the world for policy studies and was my top choice all the way through (I was also accepted into The Fletcher School, Georgetown and Johns Hopkins). Its location in New York is a massive bonus; New York being the most happening place on earth will give me the exposure I crave for in this field. But above all, SIPA is the breeding ground for some of the greatest minds in public policy, and mingling with such illustrious colleagues will greatly enrich my knowledge and career. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? The opportunity to explore myself and further the research Ive been doing on Indian foreign policy and diplomacy in general. It would be a real blessing to be surrounded by some of the finest minds in the world and the greatest experts in international affairs. I think this is a real opportunity for me to discover myself and push into new frontiers, especially given my relatively young age. I hope to be able to fulfill this goal! Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? I have a license to be nervous! Ive never crossed the Atlantic or received formal training in international affairs. Ive never been in the United States before, nor have I spent time in a place like New York (Mumbai comes close Im told, but Ive never lived there either; Bangalore is far quieter). Ive never had to fend for myself so far from home either. But nervous as I am, I certainly look forward to this! What are your goals after SIPA? I intend to gain some experience at the international level through work in multilateral agencies such as the UN. This would help me be in the thick of things, so far as international development is concerned. Over time, I intend to return to India to help my own country in its governance and policy making. Revamping Indias foreign policy is a core ambition of my career. Sitting on the outside, and through the experience of all my writing, Ive come to realize how much India can do on the global stage and how little it does at present. A more proactive and responsible Indian foreign policy has the potential to create long-lasting peace and prosperity everywhere. I want to play a part in that great story. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? I can give you a laundry list of policy ideas here, but Im going to be a touch philosophical. I think that in this day and age, everybody has opinions, but few are empathetic. Its a very disconnected, impersonal world and its made us increasingly insensitive. That is why we have so much conflict on the lines of identity religion, tribe, race, or even caste, as in the case of India. Conflict of this sort is borne out of the dehumanization of human beings; in many parts of the world, folks dont look at individuals as individuals, they look at them as manifestations of a certain community identity. That is something that I believe has got to change. For example, most people woke up to the Syrian crisis only after they saw a baby wash up dead on the shore. Till then, this wasnt really about human beings at all; it was about a bunch of sects at war with each other, and the death counts were mere statistics. Tell us something interesting about yourself: People tell me Im rather unconventional, but I would instead say that Im free spirited. I got into writing largely because I found it liberating. I always had so much to say and writing sort of gave me the outlet I needed. It wouldnt be an overstatement to say that Im addicted to writing; I cant go a whole fortnight without writing something or the other! Im also a big cricket buff (no, not baseball, its cricket!) and although I cant play the game very well, I often do watch it almost as a stress-buster. Im as addicted to reading as I am to writing, and I rather enjoy reading crime novels and stories of suspense, the likes of Agatha Christie and Ian Fleming. I suppose its vicarious pleasure in a way. I can never be James Bond, but I certainly crave the thrill of being him! View all of Fall 2016s interviews here.

Essential Spanish Vocabulary

Analysis Of The Limerence Of Martha - 1170 Words

Leo Verrillo Professor Abbott English 102 3 October 2017 The Limerence of Martha Because of their similarities, Martha and Jimmy Cross are the same person. They are not the same in who they are but what they represent. They know tragedy, loyalty, and. This comparison between two characters is also common amongst many previous novels, novellas, and short stories. A foil is defined as, by Literary Devices, â€Å"qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character,† but it can also be used as comparisons. A few comparisons, from William Shakespeare, are Macbeth and Banquo in the play The Tragedy of Macbeth and Laertes, Claudius, and Fortinbras in the play Hamlet. In The Tragedy of Macbeth when the three witches are telling†¦show more content†¦It is easy to tell that it is a full-time job, and one obviously needs to be focused. Consistently Jimmy Cross lacks the focus needed to do his job. That was his ultimate downfall as he was the weak link that killed Ted Lavender. Once Ted Lavender was gone, only the n did he listen to his higher ups. Martha was his authority before them. The question remains as to what Martha worshipped before her tragedy, but maybe that just wasn’t needed for the story to go on. Martha became a Lutheran Missionary. It is a common debate that women must be silent or subservient in the church. They are allowed to teach other women and children, of course, but not men as 1 Timothy 2:11-12 states â€Å"A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent.† Even with examples of God Choosing women to speak for him, like Deborah the mother in Israel, Martha was probably not in a church that was tolerant toward women leaders. Regardless of if she leads the entire world, she is still religious. This would mean she has one commander: God. She has a loyalty to God as Jimmy Cross has a loyalty to The Commander in Chief, the President. They are both, in their most simp listic forms, invisible rulers that were always there going unacknowledged until death. How O’Brien told of Cross’s tears and mourning reflect most stories of war: mortal. Many war writers who have seen

Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers Free Essays

string(101) " subjects had dinner before drinking and only one subject did not consume any food before going out\." DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1464-5491. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2006. 01868. x Glycaemic control Review Article 23 0742-3071Publishing, alcohol Diabetic Medicine and2006 consumption D. Ismail et al. DME UK Oxford, article Blackwell Publishing Ltd Social consumption of alcohol in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased glucose lability, but not hypoglycaemia D. Ismail, R. Gebert, P. J. Vuillermin, L. Fraser*, C. M. McDonnell, S. M. Donath†  and F. J. Cameron Abstract Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, *Wimmera Base Hospital*, Horsham and † Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Accepted 10 June 2005 Aims To determine the effects of social consumption of alcohol by diabetic adolescents on glycaemic control. Methods Fourteen (five male) patients aged 16 years were recruited from the diabetes clinic at the Royal Children’s Hospital. The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was attached at a weekend when alcohol consumption was planned for one night only. For each patient, the 12-h period from 18. 00 h to 06. 00 h for the night with alcohol consumption (study period) was compared with the same period with non-alcohol consumption (control period) either 24 h before or after the alcohol study night. Thus, each subject was his /her own control. Glycaemic outcomes calculated from continuous glucose monitoring included mean blood glucose (MBG), percentage of time spent at low glucose levels (CGMS 4. 0 mmol/l), normal glucose levels (CGMS 4. 0–10. 0 mmol/ l) and high glucose levels ( 10. mmol/ l) and continuous overall net glycaemic action (CONGA). Results The mean number of standard alcohol drinks consumed during the study period was 9. 0 for males and 6. 3 for females. There was no difference in percentage of time at high and normal glucose levels in the study and control periods. During the control period, there was a higher percentage of time with low glucose levels compared with the study period (P 0. 05). There was an increas ed level of glycaemic variation during the study time when compared with the control period. Conclusions In an uncontrolled, social context, moderately heavy alcohol consumption by adolescents with Type 1 diabetes appears to be associated with increased glycaemic variation, but not with low glucose levels. Diabet. Med. 23, 830–833 (2006) Keywords adolescence, alcohol, glycaemic control Abbreviations CGMS, continuous glucose monitoring system; CONGA, continuous overall net glycaemic action; MBG, mean blood glucose; RCH, Royal Children’s Hospital Introduction Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes frequently engage in risk-taking activities [1]. Amongst these activities is the social Correspondence to: Dr Fergus Cameron, Deputy Director, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. E-mail: fergus. cameron@rch. org. au consumption of alcohol, frequently as underage drinkers [2]. Whilst the effects of alcohol consumption upon glycaemia have been well described in a controlled setting [3– 6], little is known about the impact on glucose levels of alcohol consumption by adolescents within an ambulant, social context. The purpose of this project was to utilize continuous glucose monitoring to study the impact of social alcohol consumption on glycaemic control in a group of alcohol-using adolescents.  © 2006 The Authors. 830 Journal compilation  © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830–833 Review article 831 Patients and methods This study was approved by the Human Ethics Research Committee of the Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH). That approval was contingent upon the fact that the investigators should not be seen to encourage underage drinking in adolescents. Consequently, we only approached adolescents who we knew were drinking socially and, despite our previous counselling, elected to continue to drink alcohol on a semi-regular basis. We recruited 22 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes from the RCH diabetes clinic. The adolescents were considered eligible only if 16 years old and parental/patient consent was obtained. HbA 1c (Bayer DCA 2000 immunoagglutination method, Calabria, Barcelona, Spain) was measured, and diabetes duration and insulin doses were recorded. The MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was attached to the study patients over a weekend period. Patients were required to have an alcohol-free period for at least 24 continuous hours during the weekend trace period. A diary was kept of activities during the trace period (insulin injections, meal, snacks, dancing, alcohol consumption, sport). There was no change in insulin doses between study and control periods. In the evening when alcohol was consumed, patients were asked to recall how many and what type of drinks were consumed and how inebriated they became. Patients recall of alcohol consumption was converted to ‘standard drinks’ (one standard drink contains the equivalent of 12. ml 100% alcohol) using The Australian Alcohol Guidelines [7]. CGMS data was recorded between 18. 00 and 06. 00 h on the evening when alcohol was consumed (the study period) and between 18. 00 and 06. 00 h on the evening when no alcohol was consumed (the control period). CGMS data were only analysed if there had been regular calibrations with intermittent capillary blood glucose readings at a maximum of 8-h intervals. Each CGMS trace was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using mean glucose values, per cent time in glycaemic ranges and ontinuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA) [8]. CONGA values were calculated to assess glycaemic variation over 1-, 2- and 4-h intervals. Low glucose values were defined as CGMS values 4 mmol/ l, normal glucose values when CGMS values were 4– 10 mmo/ l and high glucose values when CGMS values were 10 mmol/ l. Each patient acted as their own control with study periods and control periods being compared. Inter-individual values were grouped for comparison. Differences between study and control periods were analysed using paired t-tests. Analyses were done in Stata [9]. ales and nine females. The mean age was 18. 5 years (range: 17. 4 – 19. 5). The mean duration of diabetes was 9. 4 years (range: 3 – 16. 3). Six of our subjects took four insulin injections per day and eight took two injections daily . The mean insulin dose was 1. 1 units /kg/day (range: 0. 7 –1. 8), and the mean HbA1c was 9. 6% (range: 8. 2 – 10. 8). Activities during the study period Thirteen subjects had dinner before drinking and only one subject did not consume any food before going out. You read "Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers" in category "Papers" Three subjects ‘danced a lot’ and six subjects went dancing but did not dance a lot. Ten subjects had something to eat after drinking. Alcohol consumption during the study period The mean number of alcohol drinks consumed on the study night was 9. 0 (range 3–16) for males and 6. 3 (range 3–14) for females. All the females consumed pre-mixed sweetened alcohol drinks (5% alcohol), with only one consuming beer and one consuming wine. Four of the males consumed mixed spirits, one mixed spirits and beer and one beer only. Forty per cent of the males had more than seven standard drinks during the study and 67% of the females had more than five drinks. In total, 80% of the subjects had pre-mixed sweetened alcohol drinks at some point during the study period. Forty-three per cent of the subjects reported that they became inebriated and 14. 3% consumed alcohol to the point where they became physically sick. None of the subjects lost consciousness or took recreational drugs during the study period. Comparative CGMS data between study and control periods Results Patients There was no significant difference between the overall mean glucose levels of patients when comparing study and control periods (Table 1; P = 0. 43). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the amount of time spent with either normal or high glucose values between study and control periods (Table 1). A larger proportion of time was spent with low glucose values during the control period when compared with the study period (1. 9 vs. 16. 8%, P = 0. 03). A significantly larger degree of glycaemic variation was seen in the CONGA values in the study period when compared with the control period (Table 1). The difference in CONGA values were consistent and independent of whether glycaemic variation was assessed over 1-, 2- or 4-h intervals. Of the 22 subjects recruited, eight were excluded because their CGMS traces did not have sufficiently frequent calibration points with intermittent capillary measures of blood glucose. Of the 14 subjects remaining, we were able to obtain study period data on 14 patients and matched control period data on only 12 patients. The study period occurred on the night prior to the control period in nine subjects. There were five Discussion It has long been recognized that a prohibitionist approach is usually ineffective when counselling adolescents who engage in risk-taking behaviours [10]. Many centres today, ourselves included, have instead adopted a harm minimization approach in dealing with such behaviours. An important component  © 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation  © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830–833 832 Glycaemic control and alcohol consumption †¢ D. Ismail et al. Outcome measure Mean difference between Study period Control period study period and mean value mean value control period (95%CI) P-value 10. 6 16. 8 58. 6 24. 6 2. 1 3. 2 3. 7 1. 2 (? 2. 1, 4. 4) ? 14. 9 (? 28. 1, ? 1. 8) ? 0. 8 (? 27. 3, 25. 8) 15. 7 (? 4. 5, 35. 8) 0. 6 (0. 2, 1. 0) 1. 1 (0. , 1. 9) 1. 8 (0. 4, 3. 1) 0. 43 0. 03 0. 95 0. 12 0. 006 0. 01 0. 01 Table 1 CGMS outcomes, study and control periods Blood glucose levels (mmol/l) 11. 8 Per cent time low glucose 1. 9 Per cent time high glucose 57. 8 Per cent time normal glucose 40. 3 CONGA1* 2. 7 CONGA2* 4. 3 CONGA4* 5. 5 *CONGA calculated at 1-, 2- and 4-h intervals. CONGAn is the standard deviation of differ ent glucose measures n hours apart for the duration of the CGMS trace. of counselling using a harm minimization approach is that the information provided be credible and reflective of ‘real’ or ‘lived’ circumstances. Continuous glucose monitoring provides a technique whereby the glycaemic consequences of various behaviours can be documented in an ambulant or non-artificial setting. Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes frequently consume alcohol in a social context [11]. Alcohol is known to inhibit the gluconeogenic pathway, to inhibit lipolysis, impair glucose counter-regulation and blunt hypoglycaemia awareness [3,4]. Previous studies in young adults with Type 1 diabetes have shown that moderate consumption of alcohol in the evenings without concomitant food intake may cause hypoglycaemia the following morning [5]. Consumption of alcohol after a meal, however, has shown no similar adverse effects on glucose [6]. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that alcohol consumption may be a significant risk factor for hypoglycaemia in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes [5]. Studies of the glycaemic effects of alcohol consumption in an ambulant adolescent/young adult population can be difficult. This is because such behaviours are uncontrolled, often spontaneous and usually in the context of other social activities (parties, dancing, etc. ). In order to ensure that we only reported accurate CGMS data during these activities, capillary blood glucose calibration was considered vital and those patients who failed in this regard were excluded from analysis. Just over 60% of the patients recruited were able to successfully wear and calibrate a CGMS unit during these activities. Given that patients who experience hypoglycaemic symptoms are more likely to perform capillary self measures of blood glucose, we feel that it is unlikely that those patients excluded from the analysis had a greater frequency of hypoglycaemia than those patients reported. We were unable to record our subjects’ alcohol consumption in a contemporaneous fashion and hence were reliant upon their recall. It is possible that their remembered patterns of consumption were not entirely accurate. This potential inaccuracy should not be seen as a weakness of this study, as we only set out to determine patterns of glycaemia in adolescents engaging in spontaneous and uncontrolled alcohol consumption. We neither specified the type nor the amount of alcohol to be consumed (our ethical approval was contingent on this not occurring). The data as to amount of alcohol consumed have been included for descriptive purposes only. The results of this study show that alcohol consumption by adolescents in a social context is associated with a greater degree of glycaemic variation and less time spent with low glucose values than evenings where no alcohol is consumed. Whilst the second of these findings appears counter-intuitive, there may be several possible explanations. Firstly, the vast majority of our study group ate a meal prior to going out and ate upon their return before going to bed. These are practices that we have instilled as harm minimization strategies to avoid alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia in our clinic. Secondly, most of the alcohol consumed was as pre-mixed spirit and sweetened, carbonated beverages. Finally, alcohol consumption was only associated with vigorous exercise (dancing) in a minority of our study group. All of these factors could have combined to negate the hypoglycaemic effects of alcohol. In a previous study of glycaemia during alcohol consumption in adult men [5], hypoglycaemia occurred most often 10–12 h after wine consumption when the evening before ended at 23. 0 h. We analysed our data to see if a similar phenomenon occurred in this study and found that the per cent of time spent with CGMS readings 4 mmol/l between 06. 00 and 12. 00 h on the morning after the study period (i. e. the morning after the drinking night) was only 1. 1%. Notwithstanding the fact that our cohort frequently consumed alcohol later than 23. 00 h, the facto rs that impacted upon glycaemic control during the study night appear to have carried over to the ‘morning after’. The findings in this study highlight the importance of ambulant testing. It is important to note that the findings of the group studied here may not be seen in adolescents who drink non-sweetened alcoholic drinks or in those adolescents with better underlying metabolic control. Whilst alcohol consumption in isolation may reasonably be thought to cause hypoglycaemia, alcohol consumption by adolescents in the context of meals, sweetened mixers and little activity did not result in more hypoglycaemia than an alcohol-free evening. Whether the increase in glycaemic variation seen on an evening  © 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation  © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830–833 Review article 833 of alcohol consumption has negative clinical outcomes remains an area for further investigation. Competing interests CMM was a Novo Nordisk research fellow. FJC received fees for speaking at conferences and funds for research from Novo Nordisk. References 1 Cameron F, Werther G. Adolescents with diabetes mellitus. In: Menon, RK, Sperling, MA, eds. Pediatric Diabetes. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003: 319–335. 2 Frey MA, Guthrie B, Lovelandcherry C, Park PS, Foster CM. Risky behaviours and risk in adolescents with IDDM. J Adol Health 1997; 20: 38–45. 3 Avogaro A, Beltramello P, Gnudi L, Maran A, Valerio A, Miola M et al. Alcohol intake impairs glucose counterregulation during acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in IDDM patients. Diabetes 1993; 42: 1626–1634. 4 Kerr D, Macdonald IA, Heller SR, Tattersal RB. Alcohol causes hypoglycaemic unawareness in healthy volunteers and patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 216–221. 5 Turner BC, Jenkins E, Kerr D, Sherwin RS, Cavan DA. The effect of evening alcohol consumption on next morning glucose control in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1888–1893. 6 Koivisto VA, Tulokas S, Toivonen M, Haapa E, Pelkonen R. Alcohol with a meal has no adverse effects on postprandial glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 1612–1614. 7 National Health and Medical Research Council. Australian Alcohol Guidelines: Health Risks and Benefits. DS9. Available from: http://www7. health. gov. au/nhmrc/publications/synopses/ds9syn. htm. 8 McDonnell CM, Donath SM, Vidmar SI, Werther GA, Cameron FJ. A novel approach to continuous glucose analysis utilising glycaemic variation. Diab Tech Therap 2005; 7: 253–263. 9 StataCorp. Stata statistical software. Release 8. 0. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation, 2003. 10 Kyngas H, Hentinen M, Barlow JH. Adolescents perceptions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends: help or hindrance in compliance with diabetes self-care? J Adv Nurs 1998; 27: 760–769. 11 Patterson JM, Garwick AW. Coping with chronic illness. In: Werther, GA, Court, JM, eds. Diabetes and the Adolescent. Melbourne: Miranova Publishers 1998, 3–34.  © 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation  © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830–833 How to cite Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers, Essays

Directors Duties for Padbury Mining Limited- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDirectors Duties for Padbury Mining Limited. Answer: Introduction When an individual is assigned as an officer or a director of the company, then they are forced with many obligations by the common law and also the required provisions which they need to detect while fulfilling the responsibilities. Such obligations are often known as the directors duty. One of the duties which the director have with respect to the company, is which they need to have a least level of diligence and care at the time when they are fulfilling the responsibility. Such specific duties are also declared clearly in the provisions under s. 180 of Corporation Act 2001 (Cth), and also some consequential cases of the common law. During the time the directors are seen to be failing in the provided duties then they are seen to be charged by the provisions, in which they are penalized by financial penalties and also suspension. ASIC v Padbury Mining Limited [2016] FCA 990 case also was regarding similar responsibilities mentioned above. Facts of the case This case is regarding an announcement which was done by the company in relation to the disclosure obligations under the CA which an entity listed with the Australian Securities Exchange have. The court in the following case prohibited the directors of the company who were involved in this case and the ban was for 3 years. The court further declared a penalty of sum of $25,000 considering the violation of the act. The directors are said to be responsible for violating the s. 180 as were not able to stop the company from stating an announcement in which it said that they are going to get a fund of amount $6 million, they were getting the fund as they were moving out a project of construction in the Western Australia. The announcement was declared on 10th April 2014, and contained the terms as follows. Securing the funds for the Western Australia project was done successfully by the company. The funds were provided on the terms which were included in the agreement regarding the shareholders and were provided by the private investor. This project was declared to be expanded by the Midwest Infrastructure Pty The company had failed to declare while making the announcement that they yet required abiding with the terms which were mentioned in the agreement for the cause of obtaining the funds which they required for the Western Australia project. The terms stated that to acquire a sum of $1.3 billion as bank guarantee earlier too the time when they can be allowed for getting the needed amount for the Western Australia project. The organization had aimed at the Australian security exchange to stop the trading of shares with the company later which again requested to rise. Within that time interval almost 200 Million of shares of that company were already traded. When the company did the trading at quick prices they made a declaration that their agreement with respect to the financer has been ended. The contravened directors duties In a company the directors need to have a least possible standard of diligence and care while fulfilling the responsibilities which are there for the company which is mentioned specifically in s. 180(1) CA 2001. The accomplishment done by the director is matched up with an unreal director the one is placed under the same circumstances and by such means they can discover whether or not the director of that company has shown the minimum intensity of diligence and care while fulfilling the responsibility. Such duties are deemed to be violated if no sensible director of the company is seen taking the actions in a similar situation an actual director would do. Many reasons by means of which, it is declared that the following company has violated the duties mentioned in the CA. A misleading and deceptive behavior which was probably made to deceive or mislead was pampered by the companys directors. Pampering such behavior is also a violation of the s. 1041H. However, the deceptive and misleading behavior about the directors was that the business was made to carry out, by announcing on the subject of protected finance from a shareholder which they had actually did not protect as this agreement was exposed to extremely provisional terms. The organization also failed to proceed in compliance with the requirement of appropriate disclosure. The organization needed to mention that the following agreement was subjected to extremely provisional terms. It was also unsuccessful to reveal in front of the community regarding the genuine name of the shareholder, the person who was about to give the fund for the compulsory business. Court Decision Analysis The ASIC also known as Australian security investment commission started a legal proceeding in opposition to the offending company and all the directors who were involved in it. The ASIC was eager to get a statement from the court against the company, as they violated the act of deceptive and misleading behavior under s. 1041H. They also were in need of a statement under the provisions of the s. 674(2) regarding the violation done by the company that was the failure in making the suitable confession regarding the announcement. It was also mentioned by the Australian watchdogs that the directors of the company have also violated the s. 1041H beside s. 674(2). Meanwhile, the ASIC were in need of a statement which was regarding violation of the above mentioned sections, along with that they also violated s. 180(1). The ASIC demands the jurisdiction for an order of suspension under s. 206C and also financial punishment under s. 1317E, to all the direction of the company. The parties carried out an arranged declaration regarding the case under the Evidence Act s. 191 of 1995. Such declarations were heading for penalty hearing. There were minutes of proceeding presented to the court by the parties. In relation to the provisions of s. 180(1) the court declared that the violation of the section was done by the directors of thee company in relation to their responsibilities. The violation was regarding the allowance granted by them for making such a statement. The directors of the company were well aware of the fact that if they let the announcement complete then it would defiantly violate the provisions of s. 1041H, and the behavior is going to compose of deceptive and misleading behavior would probably deceive or mislead. Meanwhile, such violation of the section means major loss of status of the company, any sensible director in similar situation not have allowed such a thing. The individuals who invested their time and money were in fact given the wrong impression about the announcement done by the company, as they supported the trading. However, the moment when the company made such statements, the failure for the company to create the needed confession, according to the provisions under s. 674(2) which was to make sure that extremely provisional terms are disclosed. The directors of the company also agreed to the fact that they were well knowledgeable that they required to be completely convinced before they give way to complete the announcement regarding the funds. But, by knowing all the facts of this case it is seen that the directors have not really done such a thing. They knew that the terms related to the contact were extremely provisional even after knowing it they did not take it into inspection while the announcement was done (FCA 990 at 58). It was clearly stated by the court in the case of Commonwealth of Australia v Director, Fair Work Building Industry Inspectorate (2015) 326 ALR 476 that the government or the plaintiff serving body has the power to create the consent regarding the penalties which were imposed on the directors of the company by the civil penalty provisions. In the case of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Reiwa Inc (1999) 161 ALR 79 at 86 the court declared that it was the responsibility of the court itself to be completely satisfied by the penalties forced on the directors are not harmful to the citizens. Therefore, the proposal made by the ASIC was approved by the court regarding the penalties. The directors also agreed in front of the court of the fact that their company had violated the s. 674((2) at two occasions. This was done as it was evident and the directors of the company also agreed that where the provisional essence of the agreement was given to the sensible investor it would have had a medium impact on the sum of the share. The directors also admitted that they also failed to make sure that appropriate declaration was needed under s. 674(2) of the CA, towards the parties who provided the fund for the project. The directors of the company also made a confession that the violation of s. 674(2) was done by them knowingly because they did not let the company do the appropriate declaration which is needed by the law (FCA 990at 51). The company also made a potential or an actual depiction in front of the investors who gave the funding for the project while creating the announcement by the ASX, which was that the company was able to acquire an amount of $6.1 billion for the Western Australia project. The organization too made a confession that the depiction done by them had the components of being deceptive or misleading and likely as deceive or mislead. It was declared that the company had no such capacity of producing a guarantee to the bank of an amount of 6.1 billion which was necessary to get the required funding as the defendant asked for it. This was a major violation of the s. 1041H by the company. A sensible director would never have led the company to do such a thing that is having a misleading or deceptive behavior. But, the directors conducted such an offense and hence violated the s. 180(1). Terence Martin Quinn who was the third among all the defendants, a statement was passed by the court for him as he also violated the provisions under s. 674(2) and therefore was subjected towards the civil penalties under s. 1317E of the CA. Future implication in relation to the decision which have been made by the court in this case The directors in the company required to be totally satisfied prior to the time when the announcement was been made, in support of the company which definitely had an affect over the price of the shares under the organization. If the directors of the company failed to be completely satisfied regarding the announcement itself, then the directors decisions are said to be deceived or misleading which is likely to deceive or mislead. In such cases where the directors themselves makes the announcement it needs to be in accordance to the declaration necessities which are mentioned under the s. 674(2) of CA. Any failure in completing such activities will be a violation of s. 180(1) as no other sensible director would have done such a thing in a similar situation. The role of creating advice to the court is given to the ASIC, in which the penalty is to be forced on the defendants. Conclusion Finishing the investigation it is declared that directors of the company require being exceptionally careful while dealing with such announcements for the company, as it can also have a harmful impact on the status. The directors must also hold back by s. 180(1), to involve in such an act which no sensible director would do in a similar situation. References ASIC v Padbury Mining Limited [2016] FCA 990 Corporation Act 2001 (Cth)