Hunting and Gathering Essay - 2889 Words

Hunting and Gathering As a food procurement system, hunting and gathering, or foraging, seems to most of us Westerners a very primitive means of survival. Living in our rapidly developing and ultra-materialistic culture, it is easy to forget that simplicity can be good. Compared to our mass-producing industries and complex economies, we look at â€Å"exotic† foraging cultures and wonder how they can ever survive. When in fact, hunting and gathering has been the most reliable method of subsistence for human beings since the dawn of man, and has played an essential role in the evolution of Neanderthals to Homo sapiens (Bates, 1998: 44). Despite its longevity, foraging could not be utilized in most 20th century cultures due to such factors as†¦show more content†¦Even with this, many foraging cultures can obtain more resources than are needed for subsistence, the surplus of which can be traded between groups or with the industrial world for goods not otherwise available to them. Hunter-gather ers are neither primitive, nor completely isolated from more developed cultures. Many Alyawara men even own cars (O’Connell, 1987: 83). Though they are not completely isolated, they are also usually not constantly in contact with the other cultures. This and other ecological factors play an important role in maintaining their way of life. The Alyawara are an Arandic-speaking group who reside in Central Australia. They occupy much of the area surrounding the Sandover River, northeast of and adjacent to the Aranda territory. This area of mostly grassy plains has a generally warm and dry climate, with an average rainfall of about 250-300 mm. Traditionally, the Alyawara lived in small, widely-scattered groups with a few related families, totaling about 15-40 people. Their subsistence was once based entirely on hunting and gathering, which was perfectly suitable for groups with such a low population density. Throughout the past century, however, they have gradually shifted away from hunting and gathering as they assimilated more into the Euro-Australian economy. Their semi-permanent settlements are much the same as they were, though they now average about 90 people and up to as much asShow MoreRelated Hunting and Gathering vs. Agriculture Essay732 Words   |  3 Pagespopulation pressure, some people adopt agriculture to fulfill their need. This essay, will discuss the positive and negative aspects of life in hunting and gathering societies compared to the agricultural societies based on Martin Harris’ article â€Å"Murders in Eden† and Jared Diamond’s article â€Å"The Worst Mistake in the History of Human Race.† Hunting and gathering is the longest-lasting lifestyle for most of human history. In addition to their way of life, hunter-gatherers are often regarded as â€Å"nastyRead MoreThe Triumph of Food Production over Hunting and Gathering Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pages The human race was once completely dependent on hunting and gathering as its source for caloric intake. Today, this is not the case. We live in a society that is continuously becoming more global, and the large global population is being supported by modern food production. But what factors caused this switch to take place from hunting and gathering to food production? The main contributors over the last several thousand years include: the increase in calorie yield, the stability, and the benefitsRead MoreCanadian Inuit Traditional Way Of Hunting And Gathering Recourses1761 Words   |  8 PagesHow did the Canadian Inuit Traditional Way of Hunting and Gathering Recourses Provide Food and Eating Practises in the 19th Cent ury, and How did this Culturally Effect the Community? The Canadian Inuit were a domestic, tribal, egalitarian society in the 19th century. And some cultural changes occurred; making the Inuit adapt and become more aware of other resources they could get hold of, for gathering and hunting for food. In the 19th Century, the Europeans discovered the Inuit culture and thisRead MoreSubsistence Strategies From Four Discrete Categories : Hunting And Gathering Essay1896 Words   |  8 Pages I would like to address topic A, regarding the placement of subsistence strategies into four discrete categories: hunting and gathering (foraging), horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture. While this quick categorization of human subsistence behavior has benefits to introduce these concepts, it falsely assumes that each behavior exists independently and ignores their location on a continuum, often blending from one strategy into the next. In this essay I will introduce each subsistence strategyRead MoreThe Hunters; Scarce Resources in the Kalahari Essay 1689 Words   |  7 PagesSouthern Africa are one of the few bands of hunter-gatherers left in the world. They survive by foraging for their meals while traveling, never settling in one specific area. Hunting and gathering was the primary mode of survival until about ten thousand years ago. Anthropologists have made assumptions about the hunting and gathering lifestyle of current populations because it seems like a precarious method of living. Moreover, the Kalahari area where the !Kung live in was perceived to be baron becauseRead MoreThe Importance Of Modern Civilization760 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion # 1 The Yanomamos have not developed Modern Civilization and still live in hunting gathering stage due to different factors such as population, their economy, political institutions religion, and education. The first factor is the population that includes the size and density of society. We can see that the rate of growth of the population is very low, which minimizes the increase of citizens. In hunting sharing societies, this is due in part to natural causes, but also because of culturalRead MoreWomen in the Paleolithic Period702 Words   |  3 Pages but for women, it became more and more difficult. Hunting and gathering society’s were most prevalent, although, later on the early formation of cities and larger community’s began to emerge. Ones job in the Paleolithic era would most likely consist of gathering food and protecting the small group he or she belonged to. Just surviving would have been a full time job in many of the harsh climates people inhabited. In the hunting and gathering community’s, social status was equal or close to equalRead MoreFood Gathering And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesextreme habitats. Within the biosphere, many organisms adapt and survive in the environment they are born into or have migrated to. Human beings have a way of using different strategies and technology to help them live in their environment. Food gathering is a major factor of survival; one has to have the proper nutrients in order to be healthy within their settlement. Throughout the ages, populations have modified their previous strategies such as horticultural sciences to fit the appropriate needRead MoreEssay about Early Humans and the Environment907 Words   |  4 Pagesunintentionally, technologies that were either necessary for the continuation of life, or for the improved quality of life, thus changing the environment. Early humans lived by hunting and gathering, affecting their environment only minimally. There was a small human population that supported itself by hunting, gathering, and scavenging until about ten thousand years ago (Ponting 19). Ponting asserts that these early human groups lived in conjunction with the environment, planning their migrationRead MoreEconomic Behavior And Its Effects On Society1367 Words   |  6 Pageslive. These lifestyles can be as old as those our ancestors thousands of years ago had practiced, to the mechanized practices we see in 21st century Western societies. Communities can be categorized into one of four ‘types’ of societies (hunting and gathering, pastorial, horticultural, and industrial). The different ‘types’ of societies are organized by how the economies each community has functions using three fundamental elements of economic behavior. The first behavior of an economy is production

Marketing Analysis Booth 16, By The Entrepreneurship...

Francisco Cantor, Booth ’16, was bitten by the entrepreneurship bug during his undergrad days. He built a company for importing and distributing mobile phone accessory in Venezuela. The company was a huge success. He sold it off after some time, and tried to venture into another vertical- Retail. This venture turned out to be a total failure. Upon reflection he realized that the offerings were too high end compared to what people were looking for. He realized that he needed to work in corporate world for a while, to understand how large organizations work. After working for a few years, eventually he decided to pursue and MBA to round off his skillset and to acquire world class Entrepreneurship education and exposure, making Booth a natural choice for the next step in his journey. Coming into Booth, he knew he wanted to do something in the restaurant space. Shuttling between recruiting and academic demands, he was determined to keep his entrepreneurship dream alive, and spent whatever time he could find researching about the space in Chicago. After brainstorming on several potential ideas, he finally found his niche with Nip. The idea came after a not so pleasant experience ordering off one of the popular food delivery apps- the quality as well as service experience left much to be desired. He realized that while the food delivery space is crowded, no one offers a premium solution as a whole- simple fast and quality food and premium experience. Nip works with restaurants

Directed by Vittorio de Sica Essay Example For Students

Directed by Vittorio de Sica Essay Bicycle Thieves, directed by Vittorio de Sica, is a masterpiece representative of Italian Neo-Realism movement. Its magnificence as a rebel against the mainstream drew great critical attention and was received as revolutionary. With only a brief and realistic plot, the film is able to generate the sentiment and meaning that was believed to be only achievable through epics. Its depiction of humans and society coincide with the values of Italian Neo-realism. Italian Neo-realism is basically the â€Å"dada of the film industry. † The movement dares to challenge every aspect of a normalized filmmaking formulae followed by many filmmakers under influence of Hollywood. U. S. films dominated the industry at the time, as its land as well as movie studios were the least damaged. Italian cinema, despite its dire involvement in the war, was not necessarily devastated. The problem, however, was the insistence of making propaganda films—known as â€Å"White Telephone† films—by the Fascist government. This had ruined the Italian cinema of proper filmmaking, and had rendered its films to be shallow melodramas and comedies. The Italian Neo-Realism came out as a rebellion. It despised the restrictions given to filmmaking by its former government as well as the Americans. Instead of shooting most films inside studios, filmmakers went outdoors, not limiting their scope of the film to indoors. As is the case with most â€Å"realist† movements, Italian Neo-Realism tried to capture the raw face of the ugly society—it was not much after the war. Consequently, in Bicycle Thieves, postwar Italy, without any embellishments, is shown. De Sica does not make any attempts to make the society seem ideal. The audience is introduced to the crude society full of social problems. The setting of the film is the reality; not less, not more. Nevertheless it is the most important to the story, without a doubt. Postwar Italy, with small money, smaller jobs and huge number of unemployed labor force, was a society of turmoil. Introduction of Capitalism had caused some to prosper, but with Italy’s disfigured economy it only meant someone on the other side of the street had to starve. Antonio, the hero of the film, is one of those people whose life depends on whether they get a job from the government or not. The beginning of the movie, as well as Antonio’s desperation to find his bicycle, could not have been possible if not for the realistic depiction of postwar Italian society of the mid-1900s. The setting, therefore, can be seen as the driving force of the story, the reason of the film’s doomsday atmosphere and hopelessness.

The Sanctity Of Oaths In Medea Essays - Operas, Argonauts

The Sanctity Of Oaths In Medea Through the play Medea, Euripides shows us the importance of keeping a promise given. At the beginning of the story, we see the play's two opposing views of promise keeping represented by the Nurse and the Tutor. As she stands outside of Medea's house and laments the way Jason has slighted Medea by taking another wife, the Nurse speaks of the ?eternal promise? Jason and Medea made to each other on their wedding day (17-21). The Nurse wishes Jason were dead for the way he has abandoned his wife and children, so strongly does she feel vows should not be broken (83). When the Tutor enters the scene, he expresses a much more cynical view regarding Jason's decision to leave his wife. He asks the nurse, ?Have you only just discovered / That everyone loves himself more than his neighbor? / Some have good reason, others get something out of it. / So Jason neglects his children for the new bride? (85-88). The Tutor feels that Jason's leaving Medea is only a part of life, as ?Old ties give place to new ones?. Jason No longer has a feeling? for his family with Medea, so he leaves her to marry the princess who will bring him greater power (76-77). Medea is outraged that she sacrificed so much to help Jason, only to have him revoke his pledge to her for his own selfish gain. She asks him whether he thinks the gods whose names he swore by have ceased to rule, thereby allowing him to break his promise to her. Medea vows to avenge her suffering by destroying Jason's new family and his children. When Jason curses his wife for her murdering at the end of the play, she says to him, ?What heavenly power lends an ear / To a breaker of oaths, a deceiver (1366-1367) In this way, Medea lays the blame for all the evil she has done at the feet of Jason, for she never would have done these things if he had not betrayed his promise to her. Euripide's portrayal of Jason's destruction as a direct result of the vow he broke is a clear warning against breaking the sanctity of a promise given. Mythology

Young hindu boys Essays

Young hindu boys Essays Young hindu boys Essay Young hindu boys Essay Should children be brought up with a religious upbringing? Do you agree? Show that you have considered more than one point of view and refer to another religion in your answer. Many people around the world think that they should bring their children up religiously. There are quite a few reasons for this, mainly because of tradition. The few main reasons have been outlined below; Firstly, if the children are brought up religiously, they will be baptized, and once done so, to keep the baptism promises, parents will enforce and pass down teachings and bible quotations to their children which then are led to believe in god.This is similar to Hinduisms teachings, where the child goes through a special ceremony at birth to welcome god into their lives, thanking them and spending their lives in his debt. Christians have a similar confirmation ceremony which is rather like the thread ceremony for young hindu boys. From an early age, young Christians may go to Sunday school run by the church, where they would learn stories and prayers, and then assume that god exists because the people around the child believe that he does. In Hinduism, it is quite common for younger children to attend Sunday school hosted by the mandir. They are brought up to believe in god so that they may go to heaven after death.Most of the time, children are automatically accepted into their parents religion(s) because when they hear their parents talking about god or praying, they tend to follow in their parents footsteps which then lead them to believe and assume that god exists. As children get older, they are able to attend church which further helps them believe in god. Special festivals such as Christmas are usually celebrated without knowing their background and story, but if children attend church they naturally end up assuming that there are religious reasons behind every festival which end up positively enforcing their beliefs about god. They may also learn these facts through school, their peers and RE lessons. In Hinduism, children are taught about their festivals and nearly every festival has a religious meaning or story behind it, which eventually alters childrens thoughts as they grow older to accompany new religious ideas and beliefs.Finally, daily prayers and offerings are done by both hindu and Christian children which further enforces their beliefs about god. Children that are brought up with a religious upbringing usually believe in heaven, and their parents also believe that after death the body will rest eternally in heaven (or hell, in some cases). I disagree with the question and believe that children should not be brought up with a religious upbringing because they should have their own right to choose how they act and what they believe in.For example, Hindu children are not allowed to eat beef, and may bear a grudge against their parents for forcing them into Hinduism, or any other religion as such. This could lead to major conflicts which could break tradition, but wouldnt have occurred if the child could choose what they wished to be. Without religion, major conflicts which spark wars and other things such as bad behaviour can be prevented.Even if children are brought up in a certain religion they should be able to choose as they get older and have more experience about other religions. Sometimes children are brought up by agnostics, which can help reinforce the childs beliefs. In conclusion, I think that children have a right to believe what they want in life, and steer their lives in the right direction, for who knows whether the path they choose to live may be the right one for them, if not for others, therefore I disagree with the question stated above.

NCAA SAT Scores What You Need to Be Eligible

NCAA SAT Scores What You Need to Be Eligible SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Calling all student athletes! Are you aiming to go to college as an NCAA athlete? Two important NCAA Clearinghouse requirements have to do with your high school grade point average (GPA) and SAT scores, which are compared on a sliding scale. Let’s talk about the eligibility criteria for NCAA athletics, and how you can achieve the scores you need. First, let’s review GPA requirements and how your GPA is calculated. How Your GPA Is Calculated Your GPA is calculated on a 4.0 scale, meaning your letter and percentage grade scores get translated to a number between 0.0 and 4.0. As you can see on the chart below, a 4.0 is an A or A+. A 3.0 is a B, and a 2.0 is a C. Letter Grade Grade Point Percentage A 4 94-100% A- 3.7 90-93% B+ 3.3 87-89% B 3 83-86% B- 2.7 80-82% C+ 2.3 77-79% C 2 73-76% C- 1.7 70-72% D+ 1.3 67-69% D 1 60-66% F 0 0-59% NCAA only looks at your core courses to determine your GPA. Your core courses include 4 years of English, 3 years of math at Algebra I level or higher, 2 years of natural or physical science (one lab if offered at any high school attended), 1 year of additional English, math or natural/physical science, 2 years of social science, and 4 years of foreign language, philosophy or comparative religion. You can review core course requirements here, as well as check your own high school to see which of its courses count as NCAA eligible core courses. Since NCAA is only looking at the grades in your core courses, your NCAA GPA may be different from the one provided on your transcript, which usually includes all your courses and electives. Another important requirement for NCAA is your SAT score. Let’s take a look at how the SAT is scored and why this matters for your NCAA eligibility clearinghouse. How the SAT Is scored Your SAT is scored in twosections, Math and Evidence-based Reading and Writing. NCAA doesn’t look at the optionalessay score, should you choose to take it, so all you have to worry about is Critical Reading and Math. These sections are scored out of 800, so you could get a maximum total of 1600 for Critical Reading and Math combined. Check out our article for a review of exactly how your SAT scores are calculated. To give a quick review, your scaled score falls somewhere between 200 and 800. It is calculated from your raw score, which is just the number of questions you got right minus 0.25 points (or a  ¼ of a point) for each question you got wrong. Skipped questions do not add or subtract anything from your score. If you answered 20 Critical Reading questions correctly and got one wrong, for example, then your raw score would be 19.75. This translates to a scaled score of about 430 in Critical Reading. If you take the SAT more than once (which is a good idea - students almost always improve the more times they take the test), then NCAA will look at your best section scores across all dates. So if your Critical Reading is higher on one test and your math is higher on another, the NCAA will take these scores to determine your SAT combined score for initial eligibility. Now that you know NCAA is looking at your core course GPA and Critical Reading and Math combined score, let’s discuss how they relate to each other. NCAA Eligibility: The Sliding Scale To be eligible for the NCAA, you need to achieve a certain GPA and SAT (Critical Reading + Math) score. However, what you need on your SAT varies with your GPA, and vice versa. If you have a high GPA, then the requirement for your SAT scores is lower. If your GPA is on the low side, then you need to make up for it with higher SAT scores. For example, let’s say your core course GPA is a 2.5. With this GPA, you need at least a combined score of 1000 on your Critical Reading and Math for your NCAA SAT scores. This could mean you get a 500 on both sections, a 600 on Critical Reading and 400 on math, or really any combination that adds up to a 1000. If you score an 820 on your SAT, which is a bit lower, then you would need a core course GPA of at least 2.95 to be eligible for NCAA. This chart shows the requirements for student athletes who aim to play on Division I teams. Starting August 1, 2016, you will need at least a 2.3 GPA to fully qualify. Students with a GPA between 2.0 and 2.3 may qualify for â€Å"Academic Redshirt† - they will get athletic aid and practice but cannot compete. Scroll down to see the sliding scale for Division II. Division I Division II Core Course GPA SAT (Verbal and Math) Core Course GPA SAT (Verbal and Math) 3.550 above 400 3.300 above 400 3.525 410 3.275 410 3.5 420 3.25 420 3.475 430 3.225 430 3.45 440 3.2 440 3.425 450 3.175 450 3.4 460 3.15 460 3.375 470 3.125 470 3.35 480 3.1 480 3.325 490 3.075 490 3.3 500 3.05 500 3.275 510 3.025 510 3.25 520 3 520 3.225 530 2.975 530 3.2 540 2.95 540 3.175 550 2.925 550 3.15 560 2.9 560 3.125 570 2.875 570 3.1 580 2.85 580 3.075 590 2.825 590 3.05 600 2.8 600 3.025 610 2.775 610 3 620 2.75 620 2.975 630 2.725 630 2.95 640 2.7 640 2.925 650 2.675 650 2.9 660 2.65 660 2.875 670 2.625 670 2.85 680 2.6 680 2.825 690 2.575 690 2.8 700 2.55 700 2.775 710 2.525 710 2.75 720 2.5 720 2.725 730 2.475 730 2.7 730 2.45 730 2.675 740-750 2.425 740 2.65 760 2.4 760 2.625 770 2.375 770 2.6 780 2.35 780 2.575 790 2.325 790 2.55 800 2.3 800 2.525 810 2.275 810 2.5 820 2.25 820 2.475 830 2.225 830 2.45 840-850 2.2 840 above 2.425 860 2.4 860 2.375 870 2.35 880 2.325 890 2.3 900 2.275 910 2.25 920 2.225 930 2.2 940 2.175 950 2.15 960 2.125 960 2.1 970 2.075 980 2.05 990 2.025 1000 2 1010 Now that you have a sense of what scores you need, read on to find out exactly what steps you should take to hit your target scores. How To Achieve Your Target SAT Scores Create a Testing Strategy As we said above, NCAA only looks at your Critical Reading and Math scores - they do not look at Writing. So right off the bat, you can focus your prep and energy on those two sections. Find out your core course GPA so you know exactly what your target scores are. Since this is a composite target score, you can define your own goals for each section. Where do your strengths lie? Do you like reading and analyzing texts, or are you more of a math person? Once you know your target composite score, you can play to your strengths by focusing your prep more on one section than on the other. With your target scores figured out, you can also determine what raw score you need, or how many questions you can afford to get wrong or leave blank in each section. For example, to get a 400 in Critical Reading, you need a raw score of 16, or only 16 correct answers out of 67. To get a 400 on math, you need a raw score of 13, or only 13 correct answers (keeping in mind the 0.25 point deduction for wrong answers). You could even skip â…“ of the questions in math and still achieve qualifying scores for NCAA! This means you can leave the hardest ones completely blank. This way you won’t waste time on questions you’re unsure about, and you won’t risk getting the 0.25 point deduction. While you also shouldn’t waste too much time determining which questions are hard and which are easy, you can be strategic about how many questions you answer. So skip the ones that are totally unfamiliar and look for ones you know to build up your raw score. Treat SAT Prep Like Your Sport Just like with your sport, you’ll improve your SAT performance through training. Doing well on the SAT is about how prepared you are. Studying will help you get comfortable with the concepts, familiar with the format of the tests, and skilled at pacing yourself under timed limits. To keep up your training schedule, you need to access the same values of practice, dedication, discipline and internal motivation that you give to athletics. Make time to practice, drill your weaknesses, and become an SAT pro. Understand the Test Make sure you understand the content and format of the SAT. Check out our free E-Book and other resources to learn more about the test. By understanding the skills and subskills being tested, you can figure out what exactly you need to master. The math section, for example, covers algebra, geometry, probability, and number operations, to name a few. Each skill can be further broken down - for example, algebra may involve solving equations, graphing functions, and other problem types. Not only will a thorough understanding of the test help you figure out exactly what you need to study, it will also help you break up your studying into small, manageable goals that will aid you in seeing your progress over time. Remember, NCAA continues to have academic requirements once you reach college, so these principles and this approach to studying will help you succeed as a student-athlete throughout college. Find Time in your Busy Schedule With your busy schedule of school, homework, practices, and games, you don’t have the luxury of studying here and there in your spare time. Make a schedule and set aside specific time for SAT prep. Creating and sticking to a schedule is critical in ensuring that you prepare sufficiently. You can also add some extra practice to your busy day with SAT Questions of the Day. They are a quick and easy way to practice online or on your phone, to try a wide variety of questions, and to figure out where you need to practice more. Take the Test More Than Once Students almost always improve the second and third time they take the test. Since NCAA will take your highest section scores across all test dates, you can take the SAT more than once without worrying about one section score going down. Start early to give yourself enough available test dates. If the test registration fee is financially difficult, check out our article on SAT fee waivers to see if you might be eligible to have the fee waived. When you register for the SAT, enter 9999 to indicate the NCAA Eligibility as one of your score recipients. To Sum Up†¦ Now that you know all about how the NCAA sliding scale works, you can figure out your core course GPA and NCAA SAT requirement well ahead of time, at least in early junior year. This way you’ll have enough time for test prep and to take the SAT more than once to reach your target scores. Since you already have proven yourself to have the drive, discipline, and motivation to be an NCAA athlete, now you have to believe in your academic self and access these same qualities to achieve your target scores and continue your career as a student-athlete at the college level. What’s Next? How long is each section in the SAT? Get familiar with the SAT’s timing and length and learn about how you can prep for this long test. Feeling crunched for time? Learn 9 important strategies for saving time while taking the SAT. Is the test day drawing near? Get tips for test day - everything you need to know to perform your best on test day. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also feature thousands of practice questions, 10 official SAT practice tests, and personal feedback on your essays from an expert instructor. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Luxottica's internationalisatoin and globalisation strategy Essay

Luxottica's internationalisatoin and globalisation strategy - Essay Example The researcher of the paper will examine the elements of the gradualist approach used by the company in its globalisation strategy. It will examine the competitive strengths of Luxottica. This will be followed by a critical view of the distribution strategy used by the company to capture the markets in the various countries it operates within. Corporate strategy refers to the long term, company wide plans instituted and implemented by top level management. Luxottica began in 1961 as a small obscure Italian optical manufacturer. It was originally set up to provide spectacles for the local markets and this was the main strategy employed in the first first decade of operations. Within this time period, the strategy was focused on establishment of the brand in Italy. This means that the owners just sought to provide for the local customer base in the home country. Within the first decade, the company grew sufficient competency and skills in the manufacture of spectacles. Whilst the compe tencies increased, the brand became admirable overseas. In 1971, the company made major contacts outside Italy and began to export. This strategy was simply based on the production for a larger customer base who dwelt outside Italy. The corporate vision was still local in nature. The only variation was the increase in demand caused by the introduction of new customers outside the borders of Italy. In the early 1970s, the plan was simply to manufacture and sell to wholesalers in foreign countries. The wholesalers in these foreign companies had to find ways of selling the Luxottica products. Luxottica remained Italian in outlook. In the 1980s, the focus changed. Luxottica decided to pursue an international corporate strategy. In this drive, they quit the strategy of just producing for wholesalers. They rather sought to produce the spectacles and get some control in the sales and distribution of the product in foreign markets. This led to the growth in international distribution networ ks and channels. In the 1990s, the Luxottica went public. It floated shares on the New York Stock Exchange and later the Milan Stock Exchange. This led to a solid capital base which provided the funding to expand and capture a larger market share in foreign countries. The strategy again changed in the mid-1990s where the company focused on the acquisition of new brands in the spectacles industry. This complemented the expansion of the distribution channel which led to the acquisition of more retail outlets in USA, Asia Pacific and the Rest of the World. International Marketing Strategy In 2007, there were over Luxottica centers around the world. This was made up of over 6,400 outlets globally. Luxottica's international strategy brings the firm a sales of over $6.4 billion each year. This is quite large and can be credited to the marketing strategy that it has developed over the past years. The international marketing strategy used by Luxottica is similar to what Professor Piercy wil l call 'the process of going to the market' (Piercy 13). It involves three steps: value definition, value creation and value deliver to customers (Piercy 14). In this process, the company's top level management examines international demands and expectations. This normally involves the critical examination of marketing trends and other financial indicators

The Parliamentary Contribution to Democracy Essay

The Parliamentary Contribution to Democracy - Essay Example Parliament is the essential and definitive link between the citizen and the government and should therefore be the cardinal institution of any nation's democratic system. Genuine representative democracy is possible only in a country with a strong Parliament. A strong Parliament ensures a good and accountable government endowed with a robust and sensitive law making mechanism. The citizens of a country have a say in the decisions that affect their lives only when a strong Parliament is in existence in that country. Over a period of time, Parliament's power to hold the Executive to account has been on the decline irrespective of the political character of the Government involved. Important legislation becomes law after being subjected to cursory investigation and this allows the entry of laws which have been poorly drafted and ill thought through. This has been the experience in the United Kingdom. The domination of the Legislature by the Executive has assumed great importance and it has been generally conceded that, the Executive dominates the Legislature and that any discussion in this regard concerns itself mainly with the level of this dominance. Such studies have in the main concentrated on the parliament's performance in the legislative process and there is a discernible neglect of other key functions of parliament such as scrutiny for example. The diminishing role of Parliament and the increasing power of the Executive in the British political system has been the subject of many discussions and a number of concrete remedies have been suggested by various authorities. Inter Alia, these authorities have frequently referred to a so called golden age when the balance between legislature and executive was more equitable. "The argument appears to start from a misinterpretation of what the role of Parliament has been in the past which is a question of description or what the role ought to be is a question of prescription. This lacks the evidence of past commentators, like Mill or Bagehot which always correctly interpreted. Indeed, the lessons of history itself are not infrequently misapplied"2 The Liaison Committee had submitted two reports, in order to clarify its views on the discussion taking place in respect of the relationship between Parliament and the Executive3, these reports are Shifting the balance: select committees and the executive, or the 1st report of 1999-2000, HC 300, March 20004 and Independence or control or the 2nd report of 1999-2000, HC 748, July 20005. Although the primary focus of the Committee's attention is the select committee system6, it addresses this in the overall context of the executive-parliamentary relations, as can be seen from its conclusions in the first report. These conclusions state that twenty years have elapsed since the setting up of the departmental select committees and that their establishment was a major step in making the Executive accountable to Parliament, and ultimately to the citizen and the taxpayer. Although, these committees had done a lot of important work their full capability had been neither realized nor

Harley Davidson Essay Example for Free

Harley Davidson Essay The video case â€Å"Harley Davidson: More Than Just a Motorcycle† briefly explains how the company Harley Davidson, was able to reshape, recreate and expand their products while also encouraging, enlightening, and mentoring both female and male customers at the same time for the past 100 years. The Harley-Davidson company creates and designs motorcycles fit for any and everybody. Although the company uses special marketing variables in trying to reach a specific target market, they do not limit their products nor reject any other customers outside of that specific target market. Using psychographic variables, advertising in certain locations is an example of how Harley-Davidson reaches out to their target market. Psychographic segmentation variables mainly concentrate on its customers according to their personal attributes, motive, and lifestyle. The company also markets their magazines to both women and men; people overall who happen to be very independent and active individuals. With motorcycling being a hobby more so for a male, Harley-Davidson specifically establishes a way to show females who are also into riding motorcycles that they are too accepted into the bond for the open road. To show this, Harley-Davidson hires women in their establishments since women customers do often feel undermined and intimidated by male employees when in search of a new motorcycle. Events all over the nation are also held for the female motorcyclists where they are educated and mentored on the ways of Harley-Davidson and the road. The term quality has been used to differentiate products today in the Harley-Davidson company for years. It is one of the main factors this company has been using to satisfy the needs of both old and new customers. Quality is not only the distinctive characteristic, property, or attribute of a product, but it also benefits and satisfies the customers’ wishes. Sustaining and keeping up with the various products and the quality of them keeps customers certain that they are content with what they are paying for. Harley-Davidson carries on with the constant quality in their products to maintain the reputation and principles of the company itself. The company is well known for their popular heavyweight, chopper style design. Their motorcycles are fit for all purposes such as traveling long distances or just for the fun of being on the open road. These Harley-Davidson products all show liberation for the customers as well as giving ease and guaranteeing their safety. When it comes to the satisfying the customers, quality is kept constant within its products at the highest level it can be along with applying its products with the best premium quality. Harley-Davidson uses customer service to differentiate their products in a manner that emotionally connects the customers to their products while fulfilling their wants and needs through the impeccable quality of their products. The company’s mission is to instill a sense of freedom and liberation through their products so that they and their customers can build a lifetime relationship. To improve this, hiring female employees within their establishments happen to make women feel confident and positive when interested in purchasing and riding motorcycles. Harley-Davidson even has mentoring courses specifically for women in which old women riders encourage and give new women riders the confidence to ride safely on the open road. The company uses courses like this so all women riders can bond, teach and inform each other on the different wear and products to use when riding and inspire others to become a mentor by being positive and helpful. This course is very helpful to the women riders because it builds their self-confidence while also introducing to the many new women riders the different products Harley-Davidson hold, aside from their competition, and the quality their products hold. The Harley-Davidson Museum holds a great amount of influence on how consumers may perceive the company and their products. The museum exhibits motorcycles from when they were first built by the masterminds behind it all, William Harley and Arthur Davidson. Exhibiting bikes that go as far as the beginning of the 19th century show consumers how far they have come along and evolved to what they are today. The Harley-Davidson museum also gives consumers hands-on experiences and interactive workshops that can help turn consumers into Harley-Davidson customers and riders. It is the place where people would go and would want to learn more about Harley-Davidson, their products, history, and brand. Harley-Davidson and their product mix show a good example of an impressive marketing strategy that can easily attract any and everybody that would be interested in riding a motorcycle. Unlike any other motorcycle company, Harley-Davidson ventured out and made a huge variety of products of excellent quality fit for anyone and everyone, including pets!

Environmental Justice and Toxic Racism Essay --

Environmental Justice and Toxic Racism Encouraged by diverse foundations from across the globe, The Environmental Justice movement has become one of the most important topics in the media. Europeans have used Marxist philosophy on class laddering, while non-Western countries required its encouragement in the criticism of colonialism. In the United States, The Civil Rights Movement was its forerunner. The notion of â€Å"Environmental Justice†, nevertheless, has its genesis in the resistance of black culture and lower income-communities in opposition to uneven ecological trouble in the United States during the last few years of the 1970s and the early 1980s. In the framework of racial improvement and public activism, the phrase was implemented to designate the racial and ethnic disparity in contact to environmental dangers like pollutions, toxic waste, and inundation, at the same time barring marginal people, like black Americans, Hispanics, and Indians, from the choosing and applying of nationwide environmental r ules. The word â€Å"environment† was given then a contrasting connotation. Unlike the traditional environmental movement, which was condemned for ignoring the experience of black people and the lower class, the environment was restructured as a setting where people live. Supporters started to focus comprehensively on making the topic evenhanded. Advocates classified this equality into three expansive types: technical, geographic, and societal equities. Technical impartiality is apprehensive on unbiased manner or justice on the employment of central regulations, assessment criterion, and enforcement of environmental rules. Geographic fair play is concentrated on finding groups of people and their propinquity to green peril, ... ...nerators, the Anti-Toxics movement is another important movement that has added to the struggle with Environmental Justice. The Anti-Toxins movement began in the late 1970s as soon as President Jimmy Carter acknowledged Love Canal, New York, a catastrophe spot. Carter in due course evacuated the area for safety reasons. Ever since the evacuation the former citizens of Love Canal got together to form the Citizens Clearinghouse of Hazardous Waste. Its goal is to aid thousands of neighboring clusters to fight against deadly waste exposures. Several anti-toxics movement have formed during the past several years to advocate for stricter government policy with regard to pollution prevention. These groups argue for the abolishment of toxic waste, arguing that some areas would be affected by pollutants given the structure of the economy of the United States of America.

Personal Is Political Essay

Should the state have the power to decide whether or not woman can have an abortion. Abortion is a controversial issue and always induces very emotional reaction. In many countries it is illegal and banned. People try to soothe their remorse and avoid literally speaking that abortion is killing unborn, defenceless human being. Should state interfere with termination of pregnancy or let women decide for themselves? First of all, no one has right to kill another person, it is not restricted only by religion or by law, but by basic human rights to live and these right should be respected. In my opinion as a woman, abortion is crime and it should be banned. Pregnant women, who are emotionally involved in this situation, should not be able to make a rational decision. They are afraid of financial problems, difficulties with birth and upbringing a baby. Moreover, it happens sometimes that they under pressure and try to help men not taking responsibility of the baby. They need support from family, beloved man or psychologist help. Secondly, restriction in law can save many human beings. If mother does not want her child, she has an alternative – can allow adopting her baby by people who have problems with procreation. This solution can make that baby find a new, loving parents, who provide for him appropriate conditions for intellectual and personal development. Adoptions could save money which are spent by government on in vitro fertilization. On the other hand, feminists fight for their right to make decisions about their bodies and unborn child. It should be acceptable in certain situation – when life of mother or child is in danger or when woman was victim of rape or she is mentally disabled. But they do not consider, however, if abortion is safe for women’s health. It can cause problems in conceiving in future and makes women vulnerable to miscarriages. Moreover, one also does not take into account spillover effects, for instance constant feeling of guilt, remorse, shame, depression, insomnia, obsessive thoughts about the baby she might have had. To sum it up, I strongly believe that state should prohibit abortion and leave women with pro-life decision. The proper sexual  education, availability of contraception and awareness that human embryo is not a unnecessary part of female body could help to lower abortion rate in future.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 15

As soon as Elena spoke Caleb's name, the person on the cliff began to pul back out of their line of sight. After a moment of hesitation, Matt took off running pel -mel up the path toward where they'd seen him. It should have been sil y, Elena thought, the way they al reacted as if they'd been threatened. Anyone had a right to hike the trails at Hot Springs, and Caleb – if it was Caleb – hadn't done anything but peer down over the edge of the cliff at them. But nevertheless, there had been something ominous about the figure hovering so watchful y above them, and their reaction didn't feel sil y. Bonnie gasped and her body relaxed as she came out of the trance. â€Å"What happened?† she asked. â€Å"Oh, gosh, not again.† â€Å"Do you remember anything?† Elena said. Bonnie shook her head mournful y. â€Å"You said, ‘He wants you, Elena,'† said Celia, examining Bonnie with a clinical y enthusiastic glint in her eye. â€Å"You don't remember who you were talking about?† â€Å"I guess if he wanted Elena, it could have been anyone,† Bonnie said, her eyes narrowing. Elena stared at her. Had there been an uncharacteristic catty edge to Bonnie's tone? But Bonnie grinned rueful y back at her, and Elena decided the comment had just been a joke. A few minutes later, Matt came back down the path, shaking his head. â€Å"Whoever it was just vanished,† he said, his forehead crinkled in confusion. â€Å"I couldn't see anyone on the trail in either direction.† â€Å"Do you think he's a werewolf, like Tyler was?† Bonnie asked. â€Å"You're not the first person who's asked me that,† Elena said, glancing at Stefan. â€Å"I just don't know. I don't think so, though. Caleb seems total y nice and normal. Remember how wolfy Tyler was even before he became a werewolf? Those big white teeth and his sort of animalness? Caleb's not like that.† â€Å"Then why would he spy on us?† â€Å"I don't know,† Elena said again, frustrated. She couldn't think about this now. Her mind was stil swimming with the question: Could Damon be alive? What did Caleb matter, compared to that? â€Å"Maybe he was just hiking. I'm not even sure it was Caleb. It could have been some other guy with curly blond hair instead. Just a random hiker who got scared off when Matt went charging up the hil toward him.† Their discussion went in circles until eventual y Alaric took Meredith off to the hospital to have a doctor check out her ankle. The rest of them adjourned to the top of the fal s to gather up the picnic stuff. They al nibbled at the chips and brownies and fruit, and Matt made himself a hot dog on the hibachi gril , but the joy had gone out of the day. When Elena's phone rang, it was a welcome relief. â€Å"Hey, Aunt Judith,† she said, forcing a cheerful note into her voice. â€Å"Hi,† Aunt Judith said hurriedly. â€Å"Listen, I have to go to the auditorium to help do al the girls' hair and makeup, and Robert already wil have to leave work early to get to the recital on time. Would you do me a favor and pick up some flowers for Margaret on your way over? Something sweet and bal erinaish, if you know what I mean.† â€Å"No problem,† Elena said. â€Å"I know exactly what you mean. I'l see you there.† She wanted to forget for a while: forget mystery hikers and near-drownings and her constant alternating feelings of hope and despair about the appearance of Damon's name. Watching her little sister twirl around in a tutu sounded just about right. â€Å"Terrific,† said Aunt Judith. â€Å"Thank you. Wel , if you are al the way up at Hot Springs, you'd better start heading home soon.† â€Å"Okay, Aunt Judith,† Elena said. â€Å"I'l get going now.† They said good-bye, and Elena hung up and started gathering her things together. â€Å"Stefan, can I take your car?† she asked. â€Å"I need to get to Margaret's dance recital. You can give him a ride back, right, Matt? I'l cal you guys later and we'l work on figuring this out.† Stefan got to his feet. â€Å"I'l come with you.† â€Å"What?† said Elena. â€Å"No, you need to stay with Celia and get to the hospital to take care of Meredith, too.† Stefan took her arm. â€Å"Don't go, then. You shouldn't be alone now. None of us are safe. There's something out there hunting us, and we need to al stick together. If we don't let each other out of our sight, then we can al protect one another.† His leaf green eyes were clear and ful of anxiety and love, and Elena felt a pang of regret as she tugged her arm gently out of his grasp. â€Å"I need to go,† she said quietly. â€Å"If I spend al my time being scared and hiding, then the Guardians might as wel have let me stay dead. I need to be with my family and live as normal a life as I can.† She kissed him gently, lingering for a moment against the softness of his lips. â€Å"And you know they haven't targeted me yet,† she said. â€Å"Nothing's spel ed out my name. But I promise I'l be careful.† Stefan's eyes were hard. â€Å"What about what Bonnie said?† he argued. â€Å"That he wants you? What if that means Caleb? He's hanging around at your house, Elena! He could come after you at any time!† â€Å"Wel , I'm not going to be there. I'l be at a dance recital with my family beside me,† Elena pointed out. â€Å"Nothing wil happen to me today. It's not my turn yet, is it?† â€Å"Elena, don't be stupid!† Stefan snapped. â€Å"You're in danger.† Elena bristled. Stupid? Stefan, no matter how stressed or anxious, had never treated her with less than total respect. â€Å"Excuse me?† Stefan reached for her. â€Å"Elena,† he said. â€Å"Let me come with you. I'l stay with you until nightfal and then keep watch outside your house tonight.† â€Å"It's real y not necessary,† Elena said. â€Å"Protect Meredith and Celia instead. They're the ones who need you.† Stefan's face fel , and he looked so devastated that she relented a little, adding, â€Å"Please don't worry, Stefan. I'l be careful, and I'l see you al tomorrow.† His jaw clenched, but he said nothing more, and she turned to make her way down the trail, not looking back. Once they were back at the boardinghouse, Stefan couldn't relax. He couldn't remember ever, in al his long life, feeling so edgy and uncomfortable in his own body. He itched and ached with anxiety. It was as if his skin were fitted too tightly over his bones, and he moved irritably, tapping his fingers against the table, cracking his neck, shrugging his shoulders, shifting back and forth in his chair. He wants you, Elena. What the hel did that mean? He wants you. And the sight of that dark, hulking figure up on the cliff, a shadow blotting out the sun, those golden curls shining like a halo above the figure's head†¦ Stefan knew he should be with Elena. Al he wanted to do was to protect her. But she had dismissed him, had – metaphorical y, at least – patted him on the head and told him to stay, faithful guard dog that he was, and watch over someone else. To keep someone else safe. No matter that she was clearly in danger, that someone – some he – wanted her. Stil she didn't want Stefan to be with her right now. What did Elena want? Now that Stefan stopped to think about it, it seemed that Elena wanted a host of incompatible things. To have Stefan as her loyal knight. Which he would always, always be, he asserted to himself, clenching his fist tightly. But she also wanted to hold on to the memories of Damon, and to keep that part of her she had shared with him private and pristine, separate from everyone else, even from Stefan. And she wanted so much more, too: to be the savior of her friends, of her town, of her world. To be loved and admired. To be in control. And to be a normal girl again. Wel , that normal life she had lived had been destroyed forever when she met Stefan, when he made the choice to let her into his world. He knew it was his fault, al of it, everything that fol owed after that, but he couldn't be sorry that she was with him now. He loved her too much to have any room for regret. She was the center of his world, but at the same time, he knew it wasn't the same for her. A hole inside him gaped with longing, and he moved restlessly in his chair. His canine teeth lengthened in his mouth. He couldn't remember the last time he had felt so†¦ wrong. He couldn't get the image of Caleb out of his head, looking down at them from the top of the cliff, as if checking to see whether whatever violence he'd hoped to cause had come to pass. â€Å"More tea, Stefan?† Mrs. Flowers asked him softly, breaking into his furious thoughts. She was leaning forward over a little table with the teapot, her wide blue eyes watching him from behind her glasses. Her face was so compassionate that he wondered what she could see in him. This elderly, wise woman always seemed to perceive so much more than anyone else; perhaps she could tel how he was feeling now. He realized she was stil waiting politely for his answer, the teapot suspended in one hand, and he nodded automatical y. â€Å"Thank you, Mrs. Flowers,† he said, offering forth his cup, which was stil half-ful of cold tea. He didn't real y like the taste of normal human drinks; he hadn't for a long time now, but sometimes drinking them made him fit in, made the others relax a bit more around him. When he didn't eat or drink at al , he could sense Elena's friends prickling, the hairs on the back of their necks rising, as some subconscious voice in them noted that he was not like them, adding it to al the other little differences he couldn't control, and thereby concluding he was wrong. Mrs. Flowers fil ed his cup and sat back, satisfied. Picking up her knitting – something pink and fluffy – she smiled. â€Å"It's so nice to have al you young people gathered together here,† she commented. â€Å"Such a lovely group of children.† Glancing at the others, Stefan had to wonder whether Mrs. Flowers was being gently sarcastic. Alaric and Meredith had returned from the hospital, where her injury had been diagnosed as a mild sprain and taped up by the emergency room nurse. Meredith's usual y serene face was tight, probably at least partial y because of the pain and her irritation at knowing she'd have to stay off her foot for a couple of days. And partial y, Stefan suspected, because of where she was sitting. For some reason, when Alaric had helped her hobble into the living room and over to the couch, he had parked her directly next to Celia. Stefan didn't consider himself an expert on romance – after al , he'd lived for hundreds of years and fal en in love only twice, and his romance with Katherine had been a disaster – but even he couldn't miss the tension between Meredith and Celia. He wasn't sure whether Alaric was as oblivious to it as he seemed or whether he was pretending obliviousness in the hope that the situation would blow over. Celia had changed into an elegant white sundress and sat flipping through a journal titled Forensic Anthropology, looking cool and composed. Meredith was, in contrast, unusual y grimy and smudged, her beautiful features and smooth olive skin marred by tiredness and pain. Alaric had taken a chair next to the couch. Celia, ignoring Meredith, leaned across her toward Alaric. â€Å"I think you might find this interesting,† she said to him. â€Å"It's an article on the dental patterns in mummified bodies found on an island quite near Unmei no Shima.† Meredith shot Celia a nasty look. â€Å"Oh, yes,† she said quietly. â€Å"Teeth, how fascinating.† Celia's mouth flattened into a line, but she didn't reply. Alaric took the magazine with a polite murmur of interest, and Meredith frowned. Stefan frowned, too. Al the tension humming between Meredith, Celia, and Alaric – and now that he was watching, he could tel that Alaric knew exactly what was going on between the two young women and was flattered, irritated, and anxious in equal parts – was interfering with Stefan's Powers. While he'd sat and sipped his first cup of tea, reluctantly fol owing Elena's command to â€Å"stay,† Stefan had been sending out tendrils of Power, trying to sense whether Elena had made it home, whether anything had stopped her on her way. Whether Caleb had stopped her. But he hadn't been able to find her, even with his senses extended to their utmost. Once or twice, he'd caught what felt like a fleeting impression of what might be the very specific sound, scent, and aura that unmistakably meant Elena, but then it slipped away from him. He'd blamed the fact that he couldn't locate her on his weakening Powers, but now it was clear to him what was keeping him from finding her. Al the emotion in this room: the pounding hearts, the flushes of anger, the acrid scent of jealousy. Stefan pul ed himself back, tried to quel the rage rising within him. These people – his friends, he reminded himself – were not purposely interfering. They couldn't help their emotions. He took a swig of his rapidly cooling tea, trying to relax before he lost control, and winced at the taste. Tea wasn't what he was craving, he realized. He needed to get out to the forest soon and hunt. He needed blood. No, he needed to find out exactly what Caleb Smal wood was up to. He stood up so abruptly, so violently, the chair rocked unsteadily beneath him. â€Å"Stefan?† Matt asked in an alarmed voice. â€Å"What is it?† Bonnie's eyes were enormous. Stefan glanced around the circle of distracted faces, now al watching him. â€Å"I have to go.† Then he turned on his heels and ran.

United States Vs Wade Involves a Defendant in the Robbery of a Federally Insured Bank essays

United States Vs Wade Involves a Defendant in the Robbery of a Federally Insured Bank essays UNITED STATES v. WADE, 388 U.S. 218 (1967) involves a defendant in the robbery of a federally insured bank who was placed in a lineup several weeks after he had been indicted. The lineup was conducted without notice to and in the absence of his counsel. He was identified by two witnesses as being the robber at the lineup and the trial and was subsequently convicted of the crime. The defendant argues that the lineup violated his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and his Sixth Amendment The question in the case was whether courtroom identifications of an accused at trial are to be excluded from evidence because the accused was exhibited to the witnesses before trial at a post-indictment lineup conducted for identification purposes without notice to and in the absence of counsel. The court held that the lineup did not violate the Fifth Amendment, but did find that the Sixth Amendment guarantees an accused the right to counsel at any critical confrontation by the prosecution at pretrial proceedings where the results might well determine his fate and where the absence of counsel might impede the right to a fair trial. Identification procedures, which had theretofore been treated as a purely factual matter left largely for lay jurors to handle, for the first time took on constitutional dimensions and created a new per se rule of constitution law for identification procedures. The catalyst was the determination that a police lineup was deemed to be a "critical stage," thereby entitling an accused who was forced to stand in a lineup to the Sixth Amendment right to the assistance of counsel. The rule applies to any identification technique and a fortiori to a face-to-face encounter between ...

How to Write a Self-Critique Essay

How to Write a Self-Critique Essay Writing a Self-Analysis Essay What is a self-critique essay? How to start a self-analysis essay Tips on how to start How to write an outline How to write a thesis for a self-critique essay How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish a self-critique essay Tips on conclusion writing Tips on revision Self-critique ssay sample While writing any essay, it is indeed crucial to understand what you are writing about. Many students find essay writing rather challenging due to the difficulty of comprehending what the task necessitates. Additionally, essay writing requires you to be well-equipped with effective writing skills. Different essays serve different purposes and for a student to be able to handle any paper, there is a need to first understand the type of paperthey are writing. This means, one ought to understand the structure of a paper, the goal or objective, and the topic. Thus, this article seeks to explain how to write a self-critique essay. What is a self-analysis essay? First of all, one needs to understand what a self-critique essay is as well as its features. A self-analysis essay is a type of writing which requires you to think logically and honestly about yourself and your work. This essay necessitates that you critically reflect on yourself and your aptness as a writer. Although writing a self-critique essay may pose a challeng; its features are similar to that of any other essay. These include: The introduction: this is where you basically introduce yourself to your audience. Moreover, this is where you also come up with the central theme of your paper. The thesis: it carries the argument or your topic of discussion. The body: this is where you clearly and briefly explain to your audience your objectives, strengths and weaknesses, and your accomplishments. Additionally, you can state your passions. The conclusion: this is where you briefly produce a summary of your article. How to start a self-critique essay When writing a self-critique essay, it is indeed important to know its main features. This makes it easy for you to familiarize yourself with what you are writing about. To start writing a self-critique essay, consider the following tips. Tips on how to start Select a topic. To start writing a self-critique essay, you first need to select a topic. This will enable you to know and understand what you are to write about. Create a clear outline. This simplifies the writing process and enables your essay to have a smooth and easy flow. Develop a strong thesis statement. This carries the argument in your paper and guides your audience through the rest of your essay. How to write an outline Writing an outline for a self-critique essay is much easier if you clearly comprehend what your assignment exactly requires. Having an outline simplifies the writing process and therefore, developing one is important. It makes your paper have a consistent flow. An outline of an essay entails an introduction, a thesis, the body and the conclusion. How to write a thesis for a self-critique essay A thesis statement is indeed important when writing a self-critique essay. Establishing one is fundamental as it presents your topic to your reader(s). Moreover, it carries the argument in your topic. Through the thesis, you inform your audience how you have performed in your recent work other than just talk much about yourself. Additionally, a thesis helps to guide your reader(s) through your entire essay. How to write an introduction To write the introduction, begin with a strong hook which seeks to capture the attention of your audience. This makes them motivated and want to read more about your article. Writing the introduction of a self-critique essay is much easier if you fully comprehend what the topic requires. Tips on how to write an introduction and a thesis While the introduction familiarizes your audience with your article, the thesis statement seeks to carry the argument in your topic. To learn how to write the introduction and thesis for a self-analysis essay, put the following tips into consideration. Begin with a strong hook. This helps capture the eye of your reader(s) and make them want to read more. Be clear and specific in your introduction. Your audience ought to know that you fully comprehend what you are writing about. Have a clear and precise thesis statement. This helps present your topic to your reader(s) and also guide them through the entire essay. Establish a thesis statement which clearly shows the progress of your work to your audience. How to write body paragraphs The body of a self-critique essay is essential as it seeks to provide your audience with detailed information about yourself. Moreover, this is where you build up your thesis. Below are some tips to consider when writing the body of a self-critique essay. Tips on body writing Begin each paragraph with clear and precise sentences. This makes it easier for your reader(s) to read your writing and also comprehend and familiarize themselves with what you are writing. Outline detailed information about yourself and what you do. For example, a student. This will enable your audience to know much about you. Outline your strengths and weaknesses. This helps your audience know much about you and the hardships you encounter. State your objectives. This seeks to inform your audience what you are striving to accomplish. Use transitional sentences. This enables your audience to understand that the next paragraph talks about a different thing. Mind your choice of words. This will enable you to formulate sentences easily and make the writing process much simpler. How to finish a self-critique essay When concluding a self-critique essay, it is crucial to note that you are briefly summarizing the information on your paper. Providing too much information can make it difficult for you to come up with a conclusion. To easily develop a conclusion, ensure the information you have provided in your paper is clear and precise. To write a conclusion of a self-critique essay, consider the following tips. Tips on conclusion writing Restate your main point. Provide a summary of your main points and focus much on the stronger one(s). Conclude your article with a statement which poses a challenge to your audience. This makes them think much about themselves and reflect on your statement. Tips on revision The vitality of writing a perfect essay is that you provide your audience with quality work. Going through your paper once you are done with writing is important as it helps you correct some of the errors you made. The revision phase helps you to modify your article and make it unique. Below are some tips to consider when revising your self-critique essay: Certify that the information you have provided is about you and what you do. Ensure that your introduction begins with a strong hook which captures the attention of your audience. Confirm that your body paragraphs begin with clear and brief topic sentences. Ensure that they also provide the required information to your audience. Guarantee that your conclusion is brief and poses a challenge to your reader(s). Self-critique essay sample How I developed as a writer Since I joined high school, I was very eager to finish and join college. Life in college seemed much interesting since my peers used to enjoy themselves however they could. This made me yearn to join college more and more as the days went by. When I finally did, my enthusiasm came to a standstill. At first, I thought that it was a dream but I later realized it was the reality. Life in college was not that simple as some of my friends had made it appear to be. Though there is a lot of freedom, assignments usually keep on piling up. Moreover, essay writing was an obligatory task and each one of us was expected to be well-equipped with the necessary writing skills. This posed a big challenge to me since I did not have a passion for essay writing. In high school, essay writing was not a compulsory task unlike in college. At times, the remarks I would get from my professor made me feel like I would not make it out of campus. The only option that hoarded my mind was quitting. However, I sat down and decided to think about how I would make it in college and how I wanted to enjoy my college life. Varying options kept presenting themselves and I had to decide on which ones to settle for. Once I had noted down my goals, I resolved to take essay writing as a challenge. Additionally, it is through challenges that one modifies themselves. The remarks I got from my professor did not deter me from achieving my goals but rather persuade me to try much harder and to never give up. This instilled in me the urge to achieve. With time, I came to improve and my professor was quite impressed with my progress. However, I still needed to improve or develop in some other areas. Slowly, I grew and developed as a writer. My professor became impressed with my writings and even asked me to assist other students. This made me feel a bit satisfied with my advancement. Then, I even started writing for an essay writing company. While in college, money is an essential commodity and asking for it from our parents is often beyond us. Therefore, my essay writing skills helped me to cover some of my expenses. In conclusion, a journey that began with so many challenges soon became easy. I can surely say that I have grown in not just my writing but also in other aspects of life.

Multiple Sclerosis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multiple Sclerosis - Research Paper Example It is vitally important to underscore the fact that there is no known cure for the disease nor has there ever been a proven case in which the body’s natural defense mechanism has been able to cure the disease on its own. As such, it is the very definition of a chronic disease that almost always is the primary cause of death for the patient who has acquired it. However, this notwithstanding, there exist various treatments that are able to slow the disease and improve the prognosis and general life expectancy that an individual who has the disease might expect to have. As a function of such an understanding, the best types of treatments that are currently available to the individual suffering from MS are concentric upon pharmacological means as well as therapy. The pharmacological means are usually based upon trying to integrate a degree of neuro-rehabilitation within the patient and seek to reduce the rate at which symptoms and their destructive side effects can cause. Moreover , physical rehabilitation is not a means to stop the disease but rather a means to allow the patient the necessary skills and knowledge of how they can seek to continue to engage in a normal life with a disease that is slowly depriving them of key abilities such as walking, using the restroom in a normal fashion, and/or vision. As of 2013, there are several disease modifying and/or alternative treatments that the US Food and Drug Administration has approved for use on individuals with MS. These are almost exclusively predicated on provide different intra muscular and interferon beta-la injections designed to provide intravenous support with regards to the degenerative nature of the disease. The majority of these disease modifying treatments are intended on masking or delaying

Strategic Tourism Planning and Development in London Essay

Strategic Tourism Planning and Development in London - Essay Example The objective is then to proceed to external focus that will solidify the promotion of the London by addressing natural and made-made environmental issues. Therefore, the main observations provide the aim to effectively describing current tourism issues that stalls the sustainability in development. Thus, the designed aspect provides an opportunity to creating a sufficient resolution towards the identified different sustainability protocols for successful private and public sectors endeavors (Dibbs, 2007,pp.107). Current trends in tourism present challenging in the pursuit for sustainability and profitability within the targeted industry. The tourism planning is vital to determining how a particular locale is performing within the private and public sectors aspect but also the environmental concerns. The most damaging issues arises out of balancing out the concerns relates to focuses on operation of tourism enterprises. The consideration in tourism operation management offers a strategy to identify and resolving certain issues that arises in a given season. The effort demonstrates the presentation of resources for maneuvering through the public and private markets. The community attitudinal studies relates to how the particular city challenges to managed resources can reduce significantly interests for tourism planning and development. The designed concept to promote the London as the designation for a tourist private and public sectors objectives will only be successful if stated issues are addressed. Therefore, the awareness level provides an open forum for the concerns of tourism environmental concerns are addressed accordingly to brainstorm suggestions. The tourism planning and development for the promotion of the London is dependable of mastering the economic and employment dependency.

Week4 discussion 2 . main post plus answer to a peer . total 2 post Essay

Week4 discussion 2 . main post plus answer to a peer . total 2 post - Essay Example One of the principal concerns brought about by this issue is: if time travel is possible, would people be able to change past events and alter the current state of affairs. In Bill Joy’s and Alvin Toffler’s articles, the primary concern is whether rapid and unregulated technology advancement would have a negative impact on future generations. According to Bill Joy, swift development of genetic engineering, robotics and nanotechnology, enables humans to create things capable of self-replication thus laying the foundation for impending doom. Toffler’s presents a closely related argument, suggesting that revolution of society toward super-industrialization may overwhelm people in the future, causing human disconnection and stress. The final reading on Thomas More’s utopia, describes a perfect fictional world free of all negativities. These writers perceive the human brain as being limitless and capable of many discoveries. However, they all seem to support th e commonsense, which requires individuals to acknowledge the nature of life’s order and the need to live in a manner that respects it. Diane Ackerman in her book Alchemy of the Mind explores not only the scientific elements of the brain, but also its social and psychological links to mind development. While the other writers primarily focus on the scientific reasoning of the human brain, Ackerman interlinks the scientific aspects with emotive, social, mechanics of language and other elements. Therefore, Diane Ackerman provides the most comprehensive and effective outlook on human reasoning and better platform for understanding life’s cryptic issues. Travis is right to assert that issues of morality and philosophy usually present complex questions. This is because virtually everyone has their view on what constitutes moral principles. For instance, in the persistent right to life debate, many argue that abortion is wrong, while others present an equally

Moss Bros

Moss Bros Overview of organisation. â€Å"Moss Bros has been synonymous with quality and value in fine clothing for men for well over a century. The Groups unparalleled reputation in formal menswear and unrivalled commitment to customer service sets it apart in a world that demands only the best. A distinguished heritage is the cornerstone of Moss Bros, a dynamic and forward-looking organisation which spans such internationally renowned names as Canali, Beale Inman and Hugo Boss. In the UK, generations of style-conscious customers will know and trust the brands Moss Bros, Moss and Moss Bros Hire, Savoy Taylors Guild and Cecil Gee.† Taken from http://www.mossbros.co.uk/aboutUs/aboutUs.htm As shown above in this paragraph the five main aims are: * Quality * Value * Fine clothing * Reputation * Customer service The entire above are interlinked with each other as they all touch, for example quality is linked with fine clothing and it is important within a store dealing with clothes, if the customer isnt happy with this item due to â€Å"shoddy† materials then this customer might possibly not return to the store. This also links in with customer services because the situation should be dealt with in a professional manner to upkeep the professional appearance and reputation of the company itself. The company has many branches nationwide as well as around the globe it sells many fine clothing such as Hugo Boss, Versace, DG and more. Question 1 Research gathered will help perform a PESTLE analysis on a Moss Bros PLC. PESTLE analysis is a tool that helps organisations making strategies by helping them understand the external environment both in the present and the future. It uses simple methodology but the weakness of a PESTLE analysis is that it doesnt look at the organisations internal environment, its strengths or its weaknesses, but there are other theories for identifying these such as SWOT analysis. Looking at all the different factors that will affect Moss Bros, I will be using an analysis technique called PESTLE this stands for: * Political – (global, national, regional, local and community trends) * Economic – (world, national and local trends, changes) * Social – (culture, behaviour) * Technological – (computer aids) * Legal – (world, EU or national legislation changes) * Environmental – (global, EU, national, local issues or movements) Below is a diagram of the external environment/factors and in the centre of it all Moss Bros: As the diagram above shows how all the factors link into my business and affect it. Political – political and legal factors are closely link within Moss Bros and are both very similar. From a business perspective political impact can have an effect on costs, competitiveness, profitability, organisation behaviour, decision making, innovation, new product development. Also covered in political are; All the above show how complex the environment is and how many restraints and impacts HR have within Moss Bros. * Economic The economic impact of war and current terrorism may impact Moss Bros in the long term. Countries emerging from war normally suffer economic recessions because of the cost of war. If the war in Iraq is lengthy, then customer spending on items is likely to be cut as a measure of the uncertainty. The pressure to cut costs, given by companies further down the supply chain, may also have an impact, particularly on small- and medium- sized businesses. Other implications from the economic side of PESTLE could be the current world recession, lavish spending is at an all time low as people are watching what they spend and just as an organisation would look at saving money by cutting back so do people. The first thing that gets looked in most budgets is leisurely spending and spending money on the essentials such as food, water or bills not designer labels. HR resolutions could be cost cutting and stream lining to help reduce over heads and reduce the final product price meaning t he customer will get the same for less deeming it a better buy. * Social – People are becoming more body conscious in a sense vain; with this people are becoming more metro-sexual and more open to fashions and different styles. More people are turning to bigger names such as Hugo Boss, Versace or Gucci. This will improve sales and profitability for Moss Bros as a result but cheaper versions from other stores such as Topman or Primark take a massive chunk of the primary target market. But with this Moss should be aiming for a smaller higher paid market in order that the brands they sell are seen as classy and desirable. This in turn will bring some of the lower spending market to them as instead of spending  £100 and 2 or 3 things from Primark they may save up and buy only one thing from the store. * Technological – As time goes on efficiently is becoming a key factor in production, technology helps to cut down on wages and time consumption of the making up of the product, making it cheaper to make and keeping the prices the same, this making the customers satisfaction high and the company itself going and making more money with bigger profit margins, as improvement of technology means reduction on workers which in turn from an HR perspective means voluntary or force redundancies will be imposed. * Legal – Opening of a new store or maintaining it has many laws, rules and regulations, a few of them are Sale of Goods Act 1979 which states that â€Å"The Sale of Goods Act is the main piece of law helping buyers to obtain redress when their purchases go wrong.† Department of Trade and Industry [online] Business Guidance leaflet (www.businesslink.gov.uk) accessed on 18/12/09. The other laws such as Trade Descriptions Act 1968 or Sunday Trading Act 1994 these all are factors that Moss Bros have to take into consideration. Employment legislation links in with my organisation as the employment legalisation acts and policies dictates on what a business can and cant pay it staff (minimum wage) as well as what statutory rights they have or what holidays they are entitled to, this all has a knock on affect as these factors will cut into profit margins and budget of the organisation. Other impacts and legislations HR has to take into consideration are; * Environmental/ecological Globalisation is widening the marketplace so that competition not only comes from companies down the road but also on the other side of the world due to the invention of the internet. In order to compete in the market the company has to be the best at what it does, Moss Bros has to stand head over the rest to get noticed and to create the best customer loyalty from local, national and international customers based either in the stores or over the web. This factor interlinks in with all of the PESTLE factors as the market is growing so is the need for new staff, from an HR perspective this means recruitment and selection processes will need to be looked at in order to ensure that the best possible candidates are being chosen. Also this will have an impact on the national unemployment rate as it will help reduce it in the long term providing economic upturn also as less unemployment means more people are in jobs thus creating more money to spend on luxury it ems which Moss Bros provide. Other environmental factors that would directly have an impact on the organisation and HR would be carbon footprint and the companys efforts to join the rest of the world in reducing their own carbon footprint. This in itself would create more work for HR would boost company PR image. With Moss Bros having stores both nationally and internationally they have a lot of factors to take into consideration, three main factors that would affect Moss Bros directly are: * Recession in world markets – this would bring profits, productivity and sales down, as unemployment would be high and sales would be low this would be bad news for the company and its contractors/ sub contractors. * Increase in oil prices – if this were to happen again then eventually it would cut into the companys profit as more money would be spent on the production of the garments and items then there would be less profit. * Changes in consumer spending – if the public decided that they had better things to spend their money on, for example cars, house or living then again this change would cut into the businesses profit and overall total income as there would be most likely a slump in the retail industry, this was seen last year as there was the first slump in clothing retail/retail for 20 years. Question 3 A stakeholder can be any person or organization; they can be positively or negatively influenced by the organisation or they can cause an influence on the actions of a company. Types of stakeholders are: * Primary stakeholders these are people who are those directly affected by the companies actions whether it be positively or negatively. * Secondary stakeholders are the â€Å"middle men† who are indirectly affected by an organizations actions. * Key stakeholders can also fall into the first two groups have a great influence within an organization. Further analysing stakeholders, identifying and categorising stakeholders on Moss Bros. Internal stakeholders are people who own the company, employed by the company or an own part in it like shareholders, employees or managers. All these people above work for the company (apart from silent share holders or investors who can be both internal and external stakeholders) and therefore directly get involved in the day to day operation of the company, these people will help make or break the company. There responsibility towards the company is to maintain and keep up good working standards for the company. Shareholders have a say in what the company has to do but if they dont have a large percentage of shares within the company then there words wont be heard as loudly as for example as someone who has 51% of the company shares. But with anything there is safety and loudness in numbers for example, Moss in store advisors are employed as customer service assistants but are on commission for every  £1000 of items of clothes sold. If Moss looked over this and identified that with the current climate recession this pay scheme needed to be cut back in order to cut over heads this may because a strike by the staff affected (managers/ supervisors/ advisers) with this HR would have to negotiate more up to date cheaper incentives for staff to keep motivated and passionate about selling up on brands. Human resource stream lining which is constantly monitored by the human resource department could be looked into by looking at the overall set up of the company structure this would have a positive and a negative effect of its internal and external stakeholders as redundancies and layoffs would occur but in turn the company would see the benefits in reducing its over heads and monthly salary pay out. This making the company a more efficient and cost effective company. Creating investment desirability from new investors on the stock market, possible mergers from other big high street names such as â€Å"house of Fraser†. External stakeholders are customers, competitors, suppliers, central and local government agencies, banks, trade associations. These stakeholders dont have many if any direct towards the company itself but they do affect it. For example the government is thinking about bringing out a new legislation that states that retail outlets cant stay open any later than 10 hours per day, this would directly affect Moss Bros because most of their stores are open 9am till 9pm this means they would have to redo there opening and closing times causing administration to work perhaps overtime along with other areas of the office, but some stores will result in disruption and this may have an effect on customers as if they are not informed of this change they might come to the conclusion that there store has closed and mightnt return causing a loss in profits. The trading times will have to be well thought out either by the managers of the stores affected or the department that deals with time tables and rotas which is usually personnel. Government bodies and banks have power to influence Moss Bros as well as any other organisation with the interest rates, VAT or inflation rates that they impose. Positive implications for Moss Bros could get grants from the government for bringing jobs to a high level of unemployment area. Instead of outsourcing there manufacturing to foreign labour they could promote that they manufacture there goods in the UK, this would be good promotion for the organisation and the cost of bring the work over here (minimum wages and standards) could be offset by these grants by the government. Stakeholder Mapping is a strategic business tool which identifies and assesses the effect of a different individuals or group of stakeholders in an organisation. It looks at the possible power in which a stakeholder can have; it also shows the possibility of them using their power to change to company organisation and their level of interest in the organisations activities. Stakeholders within the company are put into categories based on their rating and put into the following groups; â€Å"Low interest/low power (A) The company may require little or no effort to be focused on this group. The stakeholders pose no threat due to a lack of both interest and power. High interest/low power (B) This group has a high interest but has little power to exercise control so they can be maintained through the management of information to keep them informed of company events. Low interest/high power (C) – may not realise there overall power they have over the company but should satisfied. But because of their low interest in activities they are unlikely to exert or cause significant disruption. High interest/high power (D) – A company must try to satisfy this group first as they have the power to affect the company and have a high likelihood that they will use their power.† G. Johnson K. Scholes, Exploring Corporate Strategy, Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2002. This diagram has been recreated by the author. The benefits of an organisation using this tool is that when a project is getting planned then this tool will help identify which group are most likely to be affected by the organisations decisions. Also it helps identify ways to improve communication with stakeholders via their interest in the company. In Moss Bross case a stake holders who is interested in the company but has very little power may just need an email or leaflet to be kept up to date, but a stakeholder who is a â€Å"key player† may and more than likely will want a great involvement with company decisions no matter how small. Question 9 Demographics are the trends within a country, cotenant or on a global scale it describes the changes in a population over a certain time. For example, the average age of a population may increase over time. Certain restrictions may be set in place changing those numbers. For example, China with the one child policy. Demographics are generalisations about groups of people. Information gathered is not about specific to individuals. The weaknesses of demographic profiling are that such a broad approach can only offer a limited view of the information gathered and that the use of these are debatable. Also most demographic information is culturally biased. But still demographics can be useful for statistics, when a government wants to know about its nations political and economic state. â€Å"The first is an enumeration of the number of inhabitants distinguished by age, sex, and occupation. The second involves a continuous record of population trends from the registration of births, marriages, and burials. The third is documentation of the extent of internal and external migration† From Wikipedia Demography of the United Kingdom [Online] (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom [Accessed 14th December 2009]. Demographics are gathered by government by Censuss sent out to all UK households; they ask a range of structured questions to gather the nations current population make up. An example can be seen in appendix 1. Following some in depth research into demographics in the UK, the positive effects on a telecommunications company such as â€Å"T-Mobile† or â€Å"Orange†, an increase in population will mean that a wider selection of candidates and applicants (with the correct advertisement for the role in the appropriate places ) will be sourced from the local and national population. For example if human resources selecting a wider group of applicants they will give recruitment officers a choice of being â€Å"picky† in the recruitment process in order to get the best from the selection gathered. Meaning it will attract a higher performing work force because more people and the same jobs means that the ratio people to jobs are higher (3:1 = 3 people for every job) this means higher levels of applicants will apply for the role will have a higher skills set. Also this applies for languages; ethnicity and religion groups within the UK if they apply for the role within the organi sation the company will gather a wider scope of workers and a broader set of skills. Full research and data from demographics can be found in appendix 2. The population of the United Kingdom in the 2001 census was 58,789,194. This has since risen to 60,587,300 according to mid-2006 estimates by the Office for National Statistics.† Part Population (mid-2006) % (mid-2006) England 50,762,900 83.8 Scotland 5,116,900 8.4 Wales 2,965,900 4.9 Northern Ireland 1,741,600 2.9 United Kingdom 60,587,300 100 â€Å" (1 July 2006 population estimates by UK National Statistics) This would be useful in most departments in the organisation especially in sales as some customers can identify and relate to certain selling techniques and salesmen which can originate from different cultures. For example most of the United Kingdoms culture can be seen as typical â€Å"British Empiricism, a branch of the philosophy of knowledge that states that only knowledge verified by experience is valid, Britain is also notable for a theory of moral philosophy, Utilitarianism† From Wikipedia Demography of the United Kingdom [Online] (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom [Accessed 14th December 2009]. This meaning â€Å"Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy, generally operating on the principle that the utility (happiness or satisfaction) of different people can not only be measured but also meaningfully summed over people and that utility comparisons between people are meaningful. That makes it possible to achieve a well-defined societal optimum in allocations, production, and other decisions, and achieve the goal utilitarian British philosopher Jeremy Bentham described as the greatest good for the greatest number. From Utilitarianism from Econterms [Online] (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at: en http://economics.about.com/od/economicsglossary/g/utilitarian.htm [Accessed 14th December 2009]. From this, selling to the general customer should be sold products by experienced staff who know and have a excellent knowledge on the product there selling on, both being able to identifying the customer needs and the business needs. Negative effects on telecommunications organisations from an HR perspective is with attracting a higher level work force can affect turnover of staff, as company retention may be low because the applicants may think that they are too good for the job and may be using it as a â€Å"stepping stone† or â€Å"experience gathering job† for a higher earning more prosperous job. Also costs to the organisation could be high as to pay back the initial investment of training is normally at least 6 to 12 month of employment. Generally people in the UK prefer (if there account is based in the UK) to be dealt with by a UK call agent. This again can be costly to a company if this is a consumer must, as offshore outsourcing is cheaper than that in the UK as minimum wage is less and labour is cheaper for building costs and over heads. Human resource implications from this could be a loss of custom due to the language barrier from offshore centres and the general moral stance by that particular customer. The remedies for this could be to only give the offshore teams particular roles, for example email replies, administration roles or computer based account management and have the UK call centres deal primarily for answering general, technical and sale calls. An ageing UK population combined with the trend for employees to undergo multiple career changes throughout their working life is likely to have some effect on the company as more people will have more money to spend as average pay goes up due to inflation and general pay increases as does the quality of life meaning more leisure money to spend. Also within these questions are asked usually questions about employment status or pay grade this is to gather a social grade definition for the nation. A positive implication towards HR within a telecommunication organisation could be the same as recruitment mentioned earlier where a high level of management or skills will be generated which can be seen as an â€Å"upper class† of workers. Towards the sales environment if the general population has a high pay grade then social and leisure spending will be high if the economy is in a fit state and not in a recession or slump. People will still look for a bargain but wont (as a general rule of thumb) be watching always what they spend going over there allowance and money wont be as tight as it would be in a recession and may not call customer services querying there bill for the money that they have spent back which would increase calls for the call centres and possibly the stores. But with this high level or skills set it means that some out sourcing may need to be outsourced as primarily telecommunication is in the tertiary sector which is services but needs the manufacturing sector (secondary sector) to install, build and maintain the masts and buildings of operation. If a recession hits the economy as it has done now the company would feel the effects of this. The company and the customer may very well be in a 30 day, 12, 18 or 24 month contract but it doesnt always mean they will pay their bills on time or even at all. This means that the companies finance and collection department will have a higher work load to take on and cash flow would slow down and cut backs in some areas would have to be thought throw by HR this causing conflict and worry for staff throughout the organisation. Recession in world markets – this would bring profits, productivity and sales down, as unemployment would be high and sales would be low this would be bad news for the company and its contractors/ sub contractors. Increase in oil prices – if this were to happen again then eventually it would cut into the companys profit as more money would be spent on the production of the garments and items then there would be less profit. Methodology section The assignment lay out comes in three parts for a portfolio presentation. Part 1 Evidence that relays knowledge and understanding of the main themes and issues covered by the module and answer questions to 3 out of 9 questions/exercises. Part 2 3 – methodology and learning reflection. Within this assignment I the author have gathered some strong data supporting the critical analysis written. Use of academic theories examples were made from both real life situations and case studies were used to support the debate. The analysis consists of research from text books, research from web based forums/ pages and past experience that I have had working in different organisations. Furthermore, trying to look at possible scenarios and points of view of all areas of the debate (question) was applied to the assignment in order for the reader to grasp a better understanding of the authors intentions of explanation. Primary and secondary data was collected from journals and texts book and for more up to date information the researcher used the internet. For this particular assignment this was the best approach of research following past experience. Lack of some key s and data hinder efforts to further critically analysis some areas in questions 1 and 3. The research design was more qualitative than quantitative as the aim is a complete and a detailed description rather than to classify features, count them or explain what is observed. Learning reflection section This module has been very interesting it has led the researcher to learn several things and grounded a deeper knowledge of the above areas. I feel that knowledge is vital, but it is useless without the practical side, in order to learning anything you have to notice on some level (whether it is conscious or unconscious). The work has to be decoded and made into the readers own understanding. Upon this I have found that a grasp of different side of the spectrum has been gained as this is present in the writing provided. An example of this is that from the research into stake holder analysis I didnt understand which communication routes stake holders were informed of company progress. It was rather interesting also to see how different stake holders were informed of different methods and information. From a human resources perspective knowledge gained were not only theoretical but also applicable to the general businesses and potential future employment. Other skills sets that were upd ated and learned through this assignment was the lay out and correct presentation of work in a portfolio method, I have done these before but not to this standard. Also the depth and obstacles that hinder an organisation both in the day to day operation and future planning and even to the degree of changing something within the company, reading into and understand conflict management was a great tool and theory gained and overall I think I have gained a high level of learning via this portfolio. Furthermore I already had covered some of the topic areas in previous years but I found that further reading and continuous learning will give me a better insight into the understanding of an organization and explore new avenues. I did feel however that the module wasnt directly linked to human resources but some of the context and implications could be used in future references, assignments and possibly future careers. Appendix 1 Question 9 Demographic Questions (Government Census) Are you†¦ PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX †¦male  £ †¦female  £ What is your age? PLEASE WRITE IN Do you have any long-term illness, health problem or disability which limits your daily activities or work you can do? (include problems which are due to old age) PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX Yes  £ No  £ What is your ethnic group? PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX White Asian or Asian British British  £ Indian  £ Irish  £ Pakistani  £ Other white background  £ Bangladeshi  £ Mixed Other Asian background  £ White Black Caribbean  £ Black or Black British White Black African  £ Caribbean  £ White Asian  £ African  £ Other Mixed background  £ Other Black background  £ Chinese  £ Any other group  £ What is your full postcode?  £  £  £  £  £  £  £ Does your household own or rent the accommodation in which you live? PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX Owns outright  £ Rents from a housing association  £ Owns with a mortgage or loan  £ Rents from a private landlord  £ Pays part rent and part mortgage (shared ownership)  £ Accommodation is a residential home or student halls  £ Rents from the Council  £ Other  £ What is your current employment status? PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX Self-employed  £ Employed full time (30 hours or more a week)  £ Employed part time (less than 30 hours a week)  £ Unemployed but have worked previously  £ Unemployed and have never had a paid job  £ Unable to work due to illness or disability  £ Retired  £ Student  £ Looking after home/family (this is your main activity and none of the other options apply to you)  £ What is your religion? PLEASE TICK (à ¼) ONE BOX None  £ Jewish  £ Christian (including Church of England, Catholic, Protestant and all other Christian denominations)  £ Muslim  £ Buddhist  £ Sikh  £ Hindu  £ Any other religion  £ From Demographic Questions[Online] (Updated 16 Jan 2009) Available at: www.oldham.gov.uk/community_cohesion_demographic_questions.rtf [Accessed 14th December 2009]. Appendix 2 Question 9 Ethnicity 2001 ethnicity of the English population 2007 ethnicity of the English population The change in Englands ethnic minority population (2001 2007) The 2001 census and 2007 estimates state the following ethnic groups: Ethnic group 2001 population 2001 percentage 2007 population 2007 percentage White: British 42,747,136