Essential Spanish Vocabulary

Analysis Of The Limerence Of Martha - 1170 Words

Leo Verrillo Professor Abbott English 102 3 October 2017 The Limerence of Martha Because of their similarities, Martha and Jimmy Cross are the same person. They are not the same in who they are but what they represent. They know tragedy, loyalty, and. This comparison between two characters is also common amongst many previous novels, novellas, and short stories. A foil is defined as, by Literary Devices, â€Å"qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character,† but it can also be used as comparisons. A few comparisons, from William Shakespeare, are Macbeth and Banquo in the play The Tragedy of Macbeth and Laertes, Claudius, and Fortinbras in the play Hamlet. In The Tragedy of Macbeth when the three witches are telling†¦show more content†¦It is easy to tell that it is a full-time job, and one obviously needs to be focused. Consistently Jimmy Cross lacks the focus needed to do his job. That was his ultimate downfall as he was the weak link that killed Ted Lavender. Once Ted Lavender was gone, only the n did he listen to his higher ups. Martha was his authority before them. The question remains as to what Martha worshipped before her tragedy, but maybe that just wasn’t needed for the story to go on. Martha became a Lutheran Missionary. It is a common debate that women must be silent or subservient in the church. They are allowed to teach other women and children, of course, but not men as 1 Timothy 2:11-12 states â€Å"A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent.† Even with examples of God Choosing women to speak for him, like Deborah the mother in Israel, Martha was probably not in a church that was tolerant toward women leaders. Regardless of if she leads the entire world, she is still religious. This would mean she has one commander: God. She has a loyalty to God as Jimmy Cross has a loyalty to The Commander in Chief, the President. They are both, in their most simp listic forms, invisible rulers that were always there going unacknowledged until death. How O’Brien told of Cross’s tears and mourning reflect most stories of war: mortal. Many war writers who have seen

Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers Free Essays

string(101) " subjects had dinner before drinking and only one subject did not consume any food before going out\." DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1464-5491. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2006. 01868. x Glycaemic control Review Article 23 0742-3071Publishing, alcohol Diabetic Medicine and2006 consumption D. Ismail et al. DME UK Oxford, article Blackwell Publishing Ltd Social consumption of alcohol in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased glucose lability, but not hypoglycaemia D. Ismail, R. Gebert, P. J. Vuillermin, L. Fraser*, C. M. McDonnell, S. M. Donath†  and F. J. Cameron Abstract Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, *Wimmera Base Hospital*, Horsham and † Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Accepted 10 June 2005 Aims To determine the effects of social consumption of alcohol by diabetic adolescents on glycaemic control. Methods Fourteen (five male) patients aged 16 years were recruited from the diabetes clinic at the Royal Children’s Hospital. The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was attached at a weekend when alcohol consumption was planned for one night only. For each patient, the 12-h period from 18. 00 h to 06. 00 h for the night with alcohol consumption (study period) was compared with the same period with non-alcohol consumption (control period) either 24 h before or after the alcohol study night. Thus, each subject was his /her own control. Glycaemic outcomes calculated from continuous glucose monitoring included mean blood glucose (MBG), percentage of time spent at low glucose levels (CGMS 4. 0 mmol/l), normal glucose levels (CGMS 4. 0–10. 0 mmol/ l) and high glucose levels ( 10. mmol/ l) and continuous overall net glycaemic action (CONGA). Results The mean number of standard alcohol drinks consumed during the study period was 9. 0 for males and 6. 3 for females. There was no difference in percentage of time at high and normal glucose levels in the study and control periods. During the control period, there was a higher percentage of time with low glucose levels compared with the study period (P 0. 05). There was an increas ed level of glycaemic variation during the study time when compared with the control period. Conclusions In an uncontrolled, social context, moderately heavy alcohol consumption by adolescents with Type 1 diabetes appears to be associated with increased glycaemic variation, but not with low glucose levels. Diabet. Med. 23, 830–833 (2006) Keywords adolescence, alcohol, glycaemic control Abbreviations CGMS, continuous glucose monitoring system; CONGA, continuous overall net glycaemic action; MBG, mean blood glucose; RCH, Royal Children’s Hospital Introduction Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes frequently engage in risk-taking activities [1]. Amongst these activities is the social Correspondence to: Dr Fergus Cameron, Deputy Director, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. E-mail: fergus. cameron@rch. org. au consumption of alcohol, frequently as underage drinkers [2]. Whilst the effects of alcohol consumption upon glycaemia have been well described in a controlled setting [3– 6], little is known about the impact on glucose levels of alcohol consumption by adolescents within an ambulant, social context. The purpose of this project was to utilize continuous glucose monitoring to study the impact of social alcohol consumption on glycaemic control in a group of alcohol-using adolescents.  © 2006 The Authors. 830 Journal compilation  © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830–833 Review article 831 Patients and methods This study was approved by the Human Ethics Research Committee of the Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH). That approval was contingent upon the fact that the investigators should not be seen to encourage underage drinking in adolescents. Consequently, we only approached adolescents who we knew were drinking socially and, despite our previous counselling, elected to continue to drink alcohol on a semi-regular basis. We recruited 22 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes from the RCH diabetes clinic. The adolescents were considered eligible only if 16 years old and parental/patient consent was obtained. HbA 1c (Bayer DCA 2000 immunoagglutination method, Calabria, Barcelona, Spain) was measured, and diabetes duration and insulin doses were recorded. The MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was attached to the study patients over a weekend period. Patients were required to have an alcohol-free period for at least 24 continuous hours during the weekend trace period. A diary was kept of activities during the trace period (insulin injections, meal, snacks, dancing, alcohol consumption, sport). There was no change in insulin doses between study and control periods. In the evening when alcohol was consumed, patients were asked to recall how many and what type of drinks were consumed and how inebriated they became. Patients recall of alcohol consumption was converted to ‘standard drinks’ (one standard drink contains the equivalent of 12. ml 100% alcohol) using The Australian Alcohol Guidelines [7]. CGMS data was recorded between 18. 00 and 06. 00 h on the evening when alcohol was consumed (the study period) and between 18. 00 and 06. 00 h on the evening when no alcohol was consumed (the control period). CGMS data were only analysed if there had been regular calibrations with intermittent capillary blood glucose readings at a maximum of 8-h intervals. Each CGMS trace was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using mean glucose values, per cent time in glycaemic ranges and ontinuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA) [8]. CONGA values were calculated to assess glycaemic variation over 1-, 2- and 4-h intervals. Low glucose values were defined as CGMS values 4 mmol/ l, normal glucose values when CGMS values were 4– 10 mmo/ l and high glucose values when CGMS values were 10 mmol/ l. Each patient acted as their own control with study periods and control periods being compared. Inter-individual values were grouped for comparison. Differences between study and control periods were analysed using paired t-tests. Analyses were done in Stata [9]. ales and nine females. The mean age was 18. 5 years (range: 17. 4 – 19. 5). The mean duration of diabetes was 9. 4 years (range: 3 – 16. 3). Six of our subjects took four insulin injections per day and eight took two injections daily . The mean insulin dose was 1. 1 units /kg/day (range: 0. 7 –1. 8), and the mean HbA1c was 9. 6% (range: 8. 2 – 10. 8). Activities during the study period Thirteen subjects had dinner before drinking and only one subject did not consume any food before going out. You read "Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers" in category "Papers" Three subjects ‘danced a lot’ and six subjects went dancing but did not dance a lot. Ten subjects had something to eat after drinking. Alcohol consumption during the study period The mean number of alcohol drinks consumed on the study night was 9. 0 (range 3–16) for males and 6. 3 (range 3–14) for females. All the females consumed pre-mixed sweetened alcohol drinks (5% alcohol), with only one consuming beer and one consuming wine. Four of the males consumed mixed spirits, one mixed spirits and beer and one beer only. Forty per cent of the males had more than seven standard drinks during the study and 67% of the females had more than five drinks. In total, 80% of the subjects had pre-mixed sweetened alcohol drinks at some point during the study period. Forty-three per cent of the subjects reported that they became inebriated and 14. 3% consumed alcohol to the point where they became physically sick. None of the subjects lost consciousness or took recreational drugs during the study period. Comparative CGMS data between study and control periods Results Patients There was no significant difference between the overall mean glucose levels of patients when comparing study and control periods (Table 1; P = 0. 43). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the amount of time spent with either normal or high glucose values between study and control periods (Table 1). A larger proportion of time was spent with low glucose values during the control period when compared with the study period (1. 9 vs. 16. 8%, P = 0. 03). A significantly larger degree of glycaemic variation was seen in the CONGA values in the study period when compared with the control period (Table 1). The difference in CONGA values were consistent and independent of whether glycaemic variation was assessed over 1-, 2- or 4-h intervals. Of the 22 subjects recruited, eight were excluded because their CGMS traces did not have sufficiently frequent calibration points with intermittent capillary measures of blood glucose. Of the 14 subjects remaining, we were able to obtain study period data on 14 patients and matched control period data on only 12 patients. The study period occurred on the night prior to the control period in nine subjects. There were five Discussion It has long been recognized that a prohibitionist approach is usually ineffective when counselling adolescents who engage in risk-taking behaviours [10]. Many centres today, ourselves included, have instead adopted a harm minimization approach in dealing with such behaviours. An important component  © 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation  © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830–833 832 Glycaemic control and alcohol consumption †¢ D. Ismail et al. Outcome measure Mean difference between Study period Control period study period and mean value mean value control period (95%CI) P-value 10. 6 16. 8 58. 6 24. 6 2. 1 3. 2 3. 7 1. 2 (? 2. 1, 4. 4) ? 14. 9 (? 28. 1, ? 1. 8) ? 0. 8 (? 27. 3, 25. 8) 15. 7 (? 4. 5, 35. 8) 0. 6 (0. 2, 1. 0) 1. 1 (0. , 1. 9) 1. 8 (0. 4, 3. 1) 0. 43 0. 03 0. 95 0. 12 0. 006 0. 01 0. 01 Table 1 CGMS outcomes, study and control periods Blood glucose levels (mmol/l) 11. 8 Per cent time low glucose 1. 9 Per cent time high glucose 57. 8 Per cent time normal glucose 40. 3 CONGA1* 2. 7 CONGA2* 4. 3 CONGA4* 5. 5 *CONGA calculated at 1-, 2- and 4-h intervals. CONGAn is the standard deviation of differ ent glucose measures n hours apart for the duration of the CGMS trace. of counselling using a harm minimization approach is that the information provided be credible and reflective of ‘real’ or ‘lived’ circumstances. Continuous glucose monitoring provides a technique whereby the glycaemic consequences of various behaviours can be documented in an ambulant or non-artificial setting. Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes frequently consume alcohol in a social context [11]. Alcohol is known to inhibit the gluconeogenic pathway, to inhibit lipolysis, impair glucose counter-regulation and blunt hypoglycaemia awareness [3,4]. Previous studies in young adults with Type 1 diabetes have shown that moderate consumption of alcohol in the evenings without concomitant food intake may cause hypoglycaemia the following morning [5]. Consumption of alcohol after a meal, however, has shown no similar adverse effects on glucose [6]. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that alcohol consumption may be a significant risk factor for hypoglycaemia in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes [5]. Studies of the glycaemic effects of alcohol consumption in an ambulant adolescent/young adult population can be difficult. This is because such behaviours are uncontrolled, often spontaneous and usually in the context of other social activities (parties, dancing, etc. ). In order to ensure that we only reported accurate CGMS data during these activities, capillary blood glucose calibration was considered vital and those patients who failed in this regard were excluded from analysis. Just over 60% of the patients recruited were able to successfully wear and calibrate a CGMS unit during these activities. Given that patients who experience hypoglycaemic symptoms are more likely to perform capillary self measures of blood glucose, we feel that it is unlikely that those patients excluded from the analysis had a greater frequency of hypoglycaemia than those patients reported. We were unable to record our subjects’ alcohol consumption in a contemporaneous fashion and hence were reliant upon their recall. It is possible that their remembered patterns of consumption were not entirely accurate. This potential inaccuracy should not be seen as a weakness of this study, as we only set out to determine patterns of glycaemia in adolescents engaging in spontaneous and uncontrolled alcohol consumption. We neither specified the type nor the amount of alcohol to be consumed (our ethical approval was contingent on this not occurring). The data as to amount of alcohol consumed have been included for descriptive purposes only. The results of this study show that alcohol consumption by adolescents in a social context is associated with a greater degree of glycaemic variation and less time spent with low glucose values than evenings where no alcohol is consumed. Whilst the second of these findings appears counter-intuitive, there may be several possible explanations. Firstly, the vast majority of our study group ate a meal prior to going out and ate upon their return before going to bed. These are practices that we have instilled as harm minimization strategies to avoid alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia in our clinic. Secondly, most of the alcohol consumed was as pre-mixed spirit and sweetened, carbonated beverages. Finally, alcohol consumption was only associated with vigorous exercise (dancing) in a minority of our study group. All of these factors could have combined to negate the hypoglycaemic effects of alcohol. In a previous study of glycaemia during alcohol consumption in adult men [5], hypoglycaemia occurred most often 10–12 h after wine consumption when the evening before ended at 23. 0 h. We analysed our data to see if a similar phenomenon occurred in this study and found that the per cent of time spent with CGMS readings 4 mmol/l between 06. 00 and 12. 00 h on the morning after the study period (i. e. the morning after the drinking night) was only 1. 1%. Notwithstanding the fact that our cohort frequently consumed alcohol later than 23. 00 h, the facto rs that impacted upon glycaemic control during the study night appear to have carried over to the ‘morning after’. The findings in this study highlight the importance of ambulant testing. It is important to note that the findings of the group studied here may not be seen in adolescents who drink non-sweetened alcoholic drinks or in those adolescents with better underlying metabolic control. Whilst alcohol consumption in isolation may reasonably be thought to cause hypoglycaemia, alcohol consumption by adolescents in the context of meals, sweetened mixers and little activity did not result in more hypoglycaemia than an alcohol-free evening. Whether the increase in glycaemic variation seen on an evening  © 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation  © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830–833 Review article 833 of alcohol consumption has negative clinical outcomes remains an area for further investigation. Competing interests CMM was a Novo Nordisk research fellow. FJC received fees for speaking at conferences and funds for research from Novo Nordisk. References 1 Cameron F, Werther G. Adolescents with diabetes mellitus. In: Menon, RK, Sperling, MA, eds. Pediatric Diabetes. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003: 319–335. 2 Frey MA, Guthrie B, Lovelandcherry C, Park PS, Foster CM. Risky behaviours and risk in adolescents with IDDM. J Adol Health 1997; 20: 38–45. 3 Avogaro A, Beltramello P, Gnudi L, Maran A, Valerio A, Miola M et al. Alcohol intake impairs glucose counterregulation during acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in IDDM patients. Diabetes 1993; 42: 1626–1634. 4 Kerr D, Macdonald IA, Heller SR, Tattersal RB. Alcohol causes hypoglycaemic unawareness in healthy volunteers and patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 216–221. 5 Turner BC, Jenkins E, Kerr D, Sherwin RS, Cavan DA. The effect of evening alcohol consumption on next morning glucose control in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1888–1893. 6 Koivisto VA, Tulokas S, Toivonen M, Haapa E, Pelkonen R. Alcohol with a meal has no adverse effects on postprandial glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 1612–1614. 7 National Health and Medical Research Council. Australian Alcohol Guidelines: Health Risks and Benefits. DS9. Available from: http://www7. health. gov. au/nhmrc/publications/synopses/ds9syn. htm. 8 McDonnell CM, Donath SM, Vidmar SI, Werther GA, Cameron FJ. A novel approach to continuous glucose analysis utilising glycaemic variation. Diab Tech Therap 2005; 7: 253–263. 9 StataCorp. Stata statistical software. Release 8. 0. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation, 2003. 10 Kyngas H, Hentinen M, Barlow JH. Adolescents perceptions of physicians, nurses, parents and friends: help or hindrance in compliance with diabetes self-care? J Adv Nurs 1998; 27: 760–769. 11 Patterson JM, Garwick AW. Coping with chronic illness. In: Werther, GA, Court, JM, eds. Diabetes and the Adolescent. Melbourne: Miranova Publishers 1998, 3–34.  © 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation  © 2006 Diabetes UK. Diabetic Medicine, 23, 830–833 How to cite Technology Has Changed the Live of Teen Agers, Essays

Directors Duties for Padbury Mining Limited- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDirectors Duties for Padbury Mining Limited. Answer: Introduction When an individual is assigned as an officer or a director of the company, then they are forced with many obligations by the common law and also the required provisions which they need to detect while fulfilling the responsibilities. Such obligations are often known as the directors duty. One of the duties which the director have with respect to the company, is which they need to have a least level of diligence and care at the time when they are fulfilling the responsibility. Such specific duties are also declared clearly in the provisions under s. 180 of Corporation Act 2001 (Cth), and also some consequential cases of the common law. During the time the directors are seen to be failing in the provided duties then they are seen to be charged by the provisions, in which they are penalized by financial penalties and also suspension. ASIC v Padbury Mining Limited [2016] FCA 990 case also was regarding similar responsibilities mentioned above. Facts of the case This case is regarding an announcement which was done by the company in relation to the disclosure obligations under the CA which an entity listed with the Australian Securities Exchange have. The court in the following case prohibited the directors of the company who were involved in this case and the ban was for 3 years. The court further declared a penalty of sum of $25,000 considering the violation of the act. The directors are said to be responsible for violating the s. 180 as were not able to stop the company from stating an announcement in which it said that they are going to get a fund of amount $6 million, they were getting the fund as they were moving out a project of construction in the Western Australia. The announcement was declared on 10th April 2014, and contained the terms as follows. Securing the funds for the Western Australia project was done successfully by the company. The funds were provided on the terms which were included in the agreement regarding the shareholders and were provided by the private investor. This project was declared to be expanded by the Midwest Infrastructure Pty The company had failed to declare while making the announcement that they yet required abiding with the terms which were mentioned in the agreement for the cause of obtaining the funds which they required for the Western Australia project. The terms stated that to acquire a sum of $1.3 billion as bank guarantee earlier too the time when they can be allowed for getting the needed amount for the Western Australia project. The organization had aimed at the Australian security exchange to stop the trading of shares with the company later which again requested to rise. Within that time interval almost 200 Million of shares of that company were already traded. When the company did the trading at quick prices they made a declaration that their agreement with respect to the financer has been ended. The contravened directors duties In a company the directors need to have a least possible standard of diligence and care while fulfilling the responsibilities which are there for the company which is mentioned specifically in s. 180(1) CA 2001. The accomplishment done by the director is matched up with an unreal director the one is placed under the same circumstances and by such means they can discover whether or not the director of that company has shown the minimum intensity of diligence and care while fulfilling the responsibility. Such duties are deemed to be violated if no sensible director of the company is seen taking the actions in a similar situation an actual director would do. Many reasons by means of which, it is declared that the following company has violated the duties mentioned in the CA. A misleading and deceptive behavior which was probably made to deceive or mislead was pampered by the companys directors. Pampering such behavior is also a violation of the s. 1041H. However, the deceptive and misleading behavior about the directors was that the business was made to carry out, by announcing on the subject of protected finance from a shareholder which they had actually did not protect as this agreement was exposed to extremely provisional terms. The organization also failed to proceed in compliance with the requirement of appropriate disclosure. The organization needed to mention that the following agreement was subjected to extremely provisional terms. It was also unsuccessful to reveal in front of the community regarding the genuine name of the shareholder, the person who was about to give the fund for the compulsory business. Court Decision Analysis The ASIC also known as Australian security investment commission started a legal proceeding in opposition to the offending company and all the directors who were involved in it. The ASIC was eager to get a statement from the court against the company, as they violated the act of deceptive and misleading behavior under s. 1041H. They also were in need of a statement under the provisions of the s. 674(2) regarding the violation done by the company that was the failure in making the suitable confession regarding the announcement. It was also mentioned by the Australian watchdogs that the directors of the company have also violated the s. 1041H beside s. 674(2). Meanwhile, the ASIC were in need of a statement which was regarding violation of the above mentioned sections, along with that they also violated s. 180(1). The ASIC demands the jurisdiction for an order of suspension under s. 206C and also financial punishment under s. 1317E, to all the direction of the company. The parties carried out an arranged declaration regarding the case under the Evidence Act s. 191 of 1995. Such declarations were heading for penalty hearing. There were minutes of proceeding presented to the court by the parties. In relation to the provisions of s. 180(1) the court declared that the violation of the section was done by the directors of thee company in relation to their responsibilities. The violation was regarding the allowance granted by them for making such a statement. The directors of the company were well aware of the fact that if they let the announcement complete then it would defiantly violate the provisions of s. 1041H, and the behavior is going to compose of deceptive and misleading behavior would probably deceive or mislead. Meanwhile, such violation of the section means major loss of status of the company, any sensible director in similar situation not have allowed such a thing. The individuals who invested their time and money were in fact given the wrong impression about the announcement done by the company, as they supported the trading. However, the moment when the company made such statements, the failure for the company to create the needed confession, according to the provisions under s. 674(2) which was to make sure that extremely provisional terms are disclosed. The directors of the company also agreed to the fact that they were well knowledgeable that they required to be completely convinced before they give way to complete the announcement regarding the funds. But, by knowing all the facts of this case it is seen that the directors have not really done such a thing. They knew that the terms related to the contact were extremely provisional even after knowing it they did not take it into inspection while the announcement was done (FCA 990 at 58). It was clearly stated by the court in the case of Commonwealth of Australia v Director, Fair Work Building Industry Inspectorate (2015) 326 ALR 476 that the government or the plaintiff serving body has the power to create the consent regarding the penalties which were imposed on the directors of the company by the civil penalty provisions. In the case of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Reiwa Inc (1999) 161 ALR 79 at 86 the court declared that it was the responsibility of the court itself to be completely satisfied by the penalties forced on the directors are not harmful to the citizens. Therefore, the proposal made by the ASIC was approved by the court regarding the penalties. The directors also agreed in front of the court of the fact that their company had violated the s. 674((2) at two occasions. This was done as it was evident and the directors of the company also agreed that where the provisional essence of the agreement was given to the sensible investor it would have had a medium impact on the sum of the share. The directors also admitted that they also failed to make sure that appropriate declaration was needed under s. 674(2) of the CA, towards the parties who provided the fund for the project. The directors of the company also made a confession that the violation of s. 674(2) was done by them knowingly because they did not let the company do the appropriate declaration which is needed by the law (FCA 990at 51). The company also made a potential or an actual depiction in front of the investors who gave the funding for the project while creating the announcement by the ASX, which was that the company was able to acquire an amount of $6.1 billion for the Western Australia project. The organization too made a confession that the depiction done by them had the components of being deceptive or misleading and likely as deceive or mislead. It was declared that the company had no such capacity of producing a guarantee to the bank of an amount of 6.1 billion which was necessary to get the required funding as the defendant asked for it. This was a major violation of the s. 1041H by the company. A sensible director would never have led the company to do such a thing that is having a misleading or deceptive behavior. But, the directors conducted such an offense and hence violated the s. 180(1). Terence Martin Quinn who was the third among all the defendants, a statement was passed by the court for him as he also violated the provisions under s. 674(2) and therefore was subjected towards the civil penalties under s. 1317E of the CA. Future implication in relation to the decision which have been made by the court in this case The directors in the company required to be totally satisfied prior to the time when the announcement was been made, in support of the company which definitely had an affect over the price of the shares under the organization. If the directors of the company failed to be completely satisfied regarding the announcement itself, then the directors decisions are said to be deceived or misleading which is likely to deceive or mislead. In such cases where the directors themselves makes the announcement it needs to be in accordance to the declaration necessities which are mentioned under the s. 674(2) of CA. Any failure in completing such activities will be a violation of s. 180(1) as no other sensible director would have done such a thing in a similar situation. The role of creating advice to the court is given to the ASIC, in which the penalty is to be forced on the defendants. Conclusion Finishing the investigation it is declared that directors of the company require being exceptionally careful while dealing with such announcements for the company, as it can also have a harmful impact on the status. The directors must also hold back by s. 180(1), to involve in such an act which no sensible director would do in a similar situation. References ASIC v Padbury Mining Limited [2016] FCA 990 Corporation Act 2001 (Cth)

Mobile Phone Expository Essay Example

Mobile Phone Expository Essay Mobile Phone – Friend or Foe? Mobile phones are a mixed blessing for many of us. While some of us may miss the days of going out in public without hearing phones ringing all around us, most people do not miss being stranded on the side of the road with no way to call for help. The allure of having a convenient way to communicate has resulted in an increase in mobile phone usage over the years. Mobile phones have given rise to new rules of etiquette, and even new laws that regulate their use. Concerns about public safety and mobile phones are often in the news, making some people wonder if mobile phones are a good idea. Should you buy a mobile phone, or continue to use one? One advantage of having a mobile phone is free long distance. One of the big reasons for the rise in mobile phone usage is that you can call anywhere in the country for the same price that you can call your next-door neighbour. This lack of long distance charges has led to many people getting mobile phones who ordinarily may not have been interested. Also, many people now use their mobile phones exclusively, after cancelling their home phone service. Having one less bill to pay is definitely a positive. However, mobile phone bills, let alone the cost of the phone itself, are very expensive. If you get a very basic mobile phone plan with only a few minutes allocated for calling time, you will not pay very much every month. However, if you are like most people, you may choose a plan with several hundred or even thousand minutes and will include extras, such as text messaging. These plans can run well more than 100 dollars per month, and may come with a one- or two-year contract, limiting your choices if a cheaper plan becomes available. Woe to those who go over their allotted minutes. Mobile phone bills can easily become 1,000 dollar nightmare. Having said this, mobile phones have other advantages too. With the popularity of mobile phones growing faster than ever, it is a lot easier to keep in contact with friends and family. Never before has it been easier to call your husband or wife on the way home from work and ask to pick up a litre of milk on the way home. Parents everywhere are enjoying the ability to call their child at midnight and find out why he or she isnt home yet. Worried people everywhere are able to gain a degree of reassurance because of the mobile phone. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Expository specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Expository specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Expository specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some people are enjoying the GPS capabilities that some phones have, enabling them to track the location of their friends and family as they go about their daily lives. This makes it easier for people to know exactly where they are and who theyre with. As helpful as the mobile phone is to helping us to keep track of others, this unfortunately means that others can constantly keep track of us. A girlfriend might call her partner incessantly to check up on him. If limits are not quickly set, this behaviour can become a serious case of harassment. The GPS capability of mobile phones is also something that can be abused. It opens the door for controlling individuals to give full rein to their stalker tendencies. Sometimes its a good thing for people not to know exactly where you are at every moment. As irritating as this may be, mobile phones can be useful in other ways. Mobile phones can provide a degree of safety that previous generations only dreamed of. These days, you can go anywhere in the world with a mobile phone, and with the proper service, be able to notify someone if you are in trouble, even if you are on top of a mountain in Nepal. Most people arent mountain climbers, but cars do break down and when they do, its nice to have a mobile phone to call the mechanic. Mobile phones also come in handy when you are meeting someone for the first time. If you feel threatened in any way, you have an emergency number right there in your hand. The GPS capability that some mobile phones possess also has enabled trackers to find people who have become lost. However, in order for this service to be active, the application must be activated. Mobile phones can help us in many different ways, but they do also contain serious safety concerns. People like to carry their mobile phones with them in the car in case of emergency, but they also like to have them in case they get a call they dont want to miss. Many accidents have been caused by people talking on mobile phones while driving. So many, in fact, that legislation has been passed prohibiting conversation on mobile phones while driving in Australia. Another safety concern is that mobile phones could increase the risk of brain tumours or other diseases. Studies have shown that radiation given off by mobile phones can damage cells, leaving cells susceptible to cancers and tumours. While mobile phones can be annoying, expensive and sometimes hazardous, they can also be very helpful, whether it be helping us to communicate with family and friends, to help us feel safe or immediately know the whereabouts of a loved one. Mobile phones are seen as a must have accessory to some, while others believe they are completely unnecessary. Whatever the case, mobile phones have their pros and cons. It’s up to you to decide who outweighs who. By Jeff Burr

Hammurabi Essays - Codes Of Conduct, Legal Codes, Babylonia

Hammurabi Essays - Codes Of Conduct, Legal Codes, Babylonia Hammurabi Hammurabi In his position as king of Babylonia, Hammurabi managed to organize the worlds first code of law and establish Babylon as the dominant and successful Amorite City of its time. Records written on clay tablets show that Hammurabi was a very capable administrator and a successful warrior. His rule spanned from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. When he became king in 1792, he was still young, but had already become entrusted with many official duties in his administration. In the early years of his reign, Hammurabi mostly participated in traditional activities, such as repairing buildings, digging canals, and fighting wars. Yet later in his rule, Hammurabi organized a unique code of laws, the first of its kind, therefore making himself one of the worlds most influential leaders. Hammurabi was primarily influential to the world because of his code of laws. This code consisted of 282 provisions, systematically arranged under a variety of subjects. He sorted hiss laws into groups such as family, labor personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections. This format of organization was emulated by civilizations of the future. For example, Semitic cultures succeeding Hammurabis rule used some of the same laws that were included in Hammurabis code. Hammurabis method of thought is evident in present day societies, which are influenced by his code. Modern governments currently create specific laws, which are placed into their appropriate family of similar laws. Hammurabi had his laws recorded upon an eight foot black stone monument. Hammurabi based on his code on principles like, the strong should not injure the weak, and that punishment should fit the crime. As for punishment, legal actions were initiated under the code by written pleadings; testimony was taken under oath. The code was severe in its penalties, prescribing an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. This code of laws was able to be maintained by invoking the authority of the gods and the state. Although the punishments were different than those of today, the authority of the state (government) is similar. Currently, punishments are issued through the states law enforcement system, comparable to the way punishment was determined and enforced in ancient Babylon. In the code, crimes punishable by death required a trail in front of a bench of judges. Included in these crimes were: bigamy, incest, kidnapping, adultery, and theft. There were also laws similar to today. For example, a husband who wished to divorce his wife, was required to pay alimony and child support. By creating the worlds first set of organized laws, Hammurabi constituted a model set of moral codes for other civilizations to duplicate. The code of Hammurabi is believed to have greatly influenced the development of Near Eastern civilizations for centuries after it was written. Although Hammurabi failed to establish an effective bureaucratic system himself, his ideas were successful in establishing laws in Babylonia. Since Babylon was the worlds first metropolis, the large population needed to be bound by a strict set of organized civil laws. The way Hammurabi constructed his laws is influential to the world today, because laws can be more easily understood by the people.

How do power relations and organizational politics affect Essay

How do power relations and organizational politics affect organizational change and development What is the role of political b - Essay Example It is due to these disparities in attitude that some forms of conflict begin to surface between managers and employees or even between colleagues at the same levels of authority in the organisation. It is not, however, solely due to attitude, the intangibles of psychological programming, that leads to conflict in the organisation. Especially relevant in highly bureaucratic organisations with thick layers of management, political gaming surfaces when individuals who believe they hold power resources or seek to fulfil a self-serving agenda create a unique type of conflict that is much more difficult to thrive within. This is referred to as organisational politics, â€Å"the management of influence to obtain ends not sanctioned by the organisation† (Mayes and Allen 1977, p.673). Because recognised political behaviour is not condoned by the systems and policies established by the organisation, it becomes more difficult for those being persuaded by political positioning to recognis e what drives power struggles and therefore serve to counteract it when it occurs. This paper describes the role of organisational politics and power relationships in the organisation and how these factors influence or impede organisational change. 2. ... When this type of power manifests itself, employees must conform, however it can lead to long-term resentment or intention to exist the organisation for being forced to operate under oppressive management systems. The second type of power is utilitarian power, a system reliant on rewards and punishments to gain compliance. Pay raises, promotions or even direct threats of potential job loss are tactics utilised under utilitarian power conceptions. This is a common power dynamic in the organisation that incentivises more effective job performance. The third type of power is normative power, in which the organisation, itself, believes that it has the fundamental right to control and govern employee behaviour. Under this power conception, leaders in the organisation establish a unified corporate culture and then demand that employees conform to these socially-driven values even if the individual does not necessarily share the same conceptions. It is highly dependent on the individual emo tional and personality-based behaviours within the organisational context as to how power and political behaviour will manifest themselves. This is why organisational politics is considered by many to be a game, consisting of moves and counter-moves between different organisational actors in order to gain persuasive or coercive influence to ensure that the party in conflict complies with the needs and demands of the organisational politician. This game must â€Å"be played with due diligence and a full comprehension of the players, rules and organisational landscape† (Bolander 2011, p.2). It would seem that in order to understand how to counteract unethical or unproductive